ࡱ> a\ `bjbj .zhbhb"""8ZNt"<~@!"b!b!b!ZzS]^hSUUUUUU$2y`YZ``yb!b!8,ccc`*b!b!Sc`SccJ\b!B5GaRMB?<zazz^L^6c _,5_^^^yy]b^^^````z^^^^^^^^^B : September 2011 Queen Margaret University Revised Research Ethics Guidelines, Procedures and Regulations Contents Section 1 Ethical Principles to guide research1 HYPERLINK \l "introduction" Introduction2 HYPERLINK \l "principles" The Main Ethical Principles  HYPERLINK \l "autonomy" Respect for Autonomy Dignity Informed Consent Who should consent? The process of informed consent The informed consent form  HYPERLINK \l "nonmaleficence" Non-maleficence; Do no harm Competence Risk management and risk assessment  HYPERLINK \l "beneficence" Beneficence; Do good  HYPERLINK \l "justice" Justice Confidentiality Data Storage Academic freedom and restrictions on publicationSection 2 Procedures for ethical approval1 HYPERLINK \l "submission" Submission of an application for ethical approval2 HYPERLINK \l "roleHoS" The role of the Head of Division / Research Centre or other authorised person3 HYPERLINK \l "roleREC" The role of the Research Ethics Panel4 HYPERLINK \l "attendance" Attendance of the applicant at the Panel meeting5 HYPERLINK \l "responsibilities" Continuing responsibilities of the researcher6 HYPERLINK \l "invasiveness" Defining different research procedures Non-invasive procedure Minor invasive procedure Major invasive procedureAppendix 1 HYPERLINK \l "flowchart"Process for obtaining ethical approval flowchartAppendix 2 HYPERLINK \l "remit"Research Ethics Panel Remit and MembershipAppendix 3 HYPERLINK \l "consentform"Example Consent Form and Information SheetAppendix 4  HYPERLINK \l "restrictionpublication" QMU restriction on publication policy SECTION 1 Ethical Principles to guide research involving human participants Introduction Ethics permeates all research, so only by getting it right can research excellence be achieved. It is essential for researchers to gain an understanding of ethical principles, because in practice ethical issues are often complex, relative to the particular research project, relative to the competence of the research team and require the reasonable anticipation of likely future risks and problems. The core of ethical research is the ethical sensitivity of the research team, which is an art based on principles rather than a rule-governed process, or a set of tick box barriers to be overcome before the real work can begin. Ethical research requires a balance to be struck between minimising probable harm and advancing academic knowledge, being appropriate in terms of human dignity, and in social and cultural impact. Researchers should use the basic ethical principles outlined here to guide their decisions about how to conduct research, how to treat their research participants and how to handle the data that they gather about them. For much research the relevant decisions are straightforward or have sound precedents. Issues such as protection of identity, privacy, obtaining informed consent, communicating appropriately with participants, ensuring participant autonomy and freedom of choice, and ensuring that no harm comes to participants or researchers are among the many ethical issues that people planning research must have in their minds. Additionally, researchers have a moral responsibility to tell the truth and to preserve participant confidentiality. However, in some cases deciding on an acceptable ethical approach within a study may be more difficult. Top quality research is by definition innovative and may pose new ethical challenges. For these reasons, although the competence of the research team is critical (imagine surgery by the untrained), neither the track record of the team, nor the prestige of the institution waives the need for an adequate ethical review process. The ethics review process at QMU aims to be collaborative and constructive. In considering ethical issues from the conceptual stage of a proposal it is intended to enhance the quality of research and increases the chances of productive funding and publication outcomes. In cases where ethical approval is not granted at the first stage, the aim is that discussion with members of the School or University Ethics Panel is used to achieve an acceptable approach that should also facilitate positive research outcomes for students and staff. The Main Ethical Principles There are four clusters of moral principles which provide a framework for making decisions about the ethical aspects of a study (Beauchamp and Childress, 2001). Respect for peoples autonomy Non-maleficence; do no harm Beneficence; do good Justice It is hard at the ethical approval stage for research to guarantee doing good and being just, but it is critical for it to avoid disrespecting peoples autonomy or harming them. 2.1 Respect for Autonomy 2.1.1 Dignity Participants in research should be treated with appropriate dignity. A rule of thumb test is for researchers to ask whether they would consider it appropriate for a beloved family member to participate in the research. Historical cases abound of research participants being treated in undignified, even brutal, ways that are clearly unethical. Nonetheless, sometimes research requires intrusive, invasive, tedious or unpleasant treatment of participants. Participating can be boring, stressful, challenging, upsetting or even painful. Such invasive research protocols need to be justified by the potential benefits of the research. It is essential to consider also the social impact of the research results, independently of the scientific impact. Cases have occurred where because of the rarity or uniqueness of participants, their anonymity has easily been violated and social stigma and other harm has resulted. 2.1.2 Informed Consent Respect for autonomy also requires ensuring that research participants have truly consented to participate in the research, of their own free will, without coercion or manipulation of any kind and fully informed of the risks, benefits and consequences of their participation. This is not simply about getting the required signature on the consent form. All research involving human beings requires informed consent. This applies even to tissue samples or data acquired about those people for other purposes. To ensure genuine informed consent, it is essential that researchers consider the extent to which the people being recruited are capable of fully and freely giving their informed consent. There are two common restrictions on this, which often need to be dealt with. First, when the people to be recruited are, in some sense, vulnerable or limited in their capacity to consent in an autonomous fashion. Researchers who are working with vulnerable people such as children, prisoners, those with some form of mental illness or incapacity or the very sick or old will need to pay particular attention to the way in which they gain informed consent. The process of gaining informed consent from young people and children is complex and must be informed by current legislation (BMA, 2000). Second, when the demand characteristics of the social situation where the research occurs implicitly or explicitly coerces people into participating in the research. Examples include potential participants believing that the research will benefit them, believing that their therapy or treatment will suffer if they do not participate, believing that significant others, whether friends, family or professionals, will think badly of them, and believing that they will, in some sense, stand out or be incriminated by refusal. For example, does refusal imply that they have something to hide? A third, rarer, limitation is when research offers money or other benefits that are so large as to easily persuade people to participate for the benefits alone. This is generally considered to exclude modest payments to cover the costs of travel and inconvenience. Pay and other benefits offered should be modest in proportion to the effort required to participate. 2.1.3 Who Should Consent? Only persons able to freely understand, question and refuse without fear of sanction or reprisal can give informed consent. For research involving participants who may lack the capacity for understanding and questioning, such as children, people with mental or intellectual difficulties, or people severely ill or heavily medicated, consent should be obtained from a parent, carer or other person serving in a responsible capacity AND from the participant themselves, to the extent that they are capable of understanding and offering consent. Ingenuity needs to be exercised in providing satisfactory consent procedures in such cases. Consent from the parent or carer alone is rarely adequate. The freedom to refuse to participate in research is potentially threatened where there is a power imbalance between the prospective participant and the researcher, along with their perceived allies. For example, students may believe that refusing to participate in staff research will not count well for them when they are being educationally assessed. This can occur even if the researcher is not directly one of the students teachers. The two key methods of ensuring true refusal are: to ensure whenever possible that the research team is completely independent of anybody in a position of power over the potential participants, and that the procedures to ensure independence are explicit during the informed consent process. For example, should the medical consultant be one of the research team (as is often the case), it should be clear that they will have no knowledge of whether an individual patient has participated or not. Where this is impossible, other means of enabling true refusal should be actively written into the research protocol. It is also important to remember that research on groups, societies, organisations, institutions and their members also involves human beings who ought to consent to it occurring. This does not necessarily mean obtaining consent from everybody, but appropriate procedures should be in place for collective consent, treating the organisation as the participant. 2.1.4 The Process of Informed Consent All international declarations stipulate that, prior to consent, each participant in a research project should be clearly informed of its goals, its possible adverse events, and the possibility to refuse to enter or to retract at any time with no consequences. How to inform is a critical part of the process. Participants are rarely able to recall what they have agreed upon when signing an informed consent form. An example Information Sheet and Consent Form can be found in Appendix 2. The following strategies may help to safeguard informed consent: Close attention to the language and readability of written material, which includes translation procedures for non-native language speakers. Honest explanation of the possible risks and benefits of participation. Particular caution should be exercised to avoid lies of omission; if the research procedure is boring, unpleasant or simply lengthy, it is best to make this clear. The opportunity for potential participants to discuss the project and ask questions with somebody sympathetic who understands the research: Ideally one of the research team. Use of alternative media, such as visual information. In complex or hazardous cases, the informed consent procedure should involve a detailed interview and discussion, rather than the mere signing of paperwork. 2.1.5 The Informed Consent Form This usually includes an actual form to be signed, along with an information sheet and as much additional material as is appropriate. This entire pack constitutes the consent form. Two general questions should be answered on the information sheet: What are the likely benefits of the research for science, for society and for the research participants? This should enable potential participants to make an informed choice to participate, even if there are risks. Researchers should avoid the temptation to exaggerate about benefits. How will participants and the data about them be protected? This should include explanation of how confidentiality will be ensured and what data will be retained where, in what format. Other information that should be included in the information sheet includes: A clear explanation of who is involved in the research, what their roles are, and who to contact for further information or in case of concern. A clear and appropriately brief description of the research explaining its purposes, how long participation will take, what will happen and which, if any, parts of the research involve new or experimental procedures. An explanation of any screening procedures used to select participants. An accurate description of any reasonably foreseeable risks or discomforts. Notably, much research interviewing people poses some risk of participant distress, should the topics covered include ones sensitive to individual people. A modest description of any benefits that may reasonably be expected as a result of participating, to the participants and to others. In research involving more than minimal risk, an explanation of insurance and compensation procedures, should harm occur. An explanation of the procedures that will be followed should the research discover important information about the participant. Two common dilemmas are: When research incidentally discovers signs of disease or abnormality. In most cases the appropriate procedure is to notify the participant and refer to appropriate health care professionals. In some cases it is appropriate for the participant to choose to not be informed, or be informed, as part of the consent procedure. Genetic screening research is one example. When research incidentally discovers a significant risk of harm to the participant by others, or by the participant to others. With children under 16, researchers are legally obliged to disclose such risks to appropriate people and this is a limit on confidentiality. In research involving interventions or treatments, a clear explanation of alternative approaches that participants might use instead. An explanation of procedures used to preserve confidentiality and anonymity (see 2.4.1). A statement explaining that participation is entirely voluntary and that participants may withdraw at any time, for any reason, without explanation or obligation to the research team and without repercussions elsewhere. 2.2 Non-Maleficence; Do no harm Researchers must not harm their study participants. But, even simple time-wasting can be harmful, so it is the research teams duty to weigh up the potential for harm against the benefits of the study and to come to a justifiable conclusion. It is also the teams duty to ensure that research which carries a risk of harm should only be conducted by competent research teams. Many potential ethical issues can be resolved by ensuring that the research team has sufficient competence to manage problems appropriately. For example, a badly designed survey by an undergraduate may waste participants time, where a well designed one would not. 2.2.1 Competence The normal model for a research team is that there are one or more researchers who directly interact with participants and one or more supervisors who oversee. Part of the ethics review process is to establish that the research team is competent to (a) minimise harm, (b) conduct research that is like to be of sufficient quality to be worth any risks of harm, which at the mildest level includes wasting participants time and effort, and (c) manage serious harm should it arise, even if it is very unlikely. Competence is a function of relevant skills, experience, training to be achieved during the research process and the devotion of appropriate time and effort to the research project. A good research team has an appropriate mix of competencies. When researchers are less competent, then supervisors need to be more competent and supervise more closely. Therefore, particular care should be exercised in decisions about what types of research can be conducted by undergraduates. Staff teaching loads can sometimes make close supervision difficult, so unless a student has special demonstrable competencies caution should be exercised in developing undergraduate research that raises major ethical issues. Conversely, a team with specialist expertise can conduct research that might be unethical conducted by a team without such competencies. Where appropriate, it is important to report on the teams competence in the ethics application. A track record of publications in the area is not always sufficient. There are also specialised competencies that need to be considered. For instance, researchers working with young people or other vulnerable groups will need to be police checked according to current Disclosure Scotland guidelines (www.disclosurescotland.co.uk) Researchers who intend to work with children should consider this when planning the timescale of their research. 2.2.2 Risk Assessment and Risk Management In order to address the issue of risk of harm, researchers must demonstrate that they have exercised a standard of due care. As well as being competent, this involves identifying the likely risks, assessing the probability that they will occur, evaluating the risk to determine its acceptability in relation to the objectives of the research and finally managing the risks which involves the steps that can be taken to minimise them (Beauchamp and Childress, 2001:199). Common examples of managing risk include: Screening procedures that identify participants more likely to come to harm through the research. Competence to work with participants who become distressed, including being able to listen and communicate appropriately about the distress and being able to refer to further counselling should this be required Sufficient knowledge to provide advice about services or help as a result of discussing needs which are not being met Sufficient knowledge to discuss the benefits of appropriate interventions Adequate post-research debriefing, including offering explanations of any necessary deception or withholding of information. Appropriate research training on the proposed research techniques: For example, appropriate specialist interview skills; specific experimental methods; specialist biological sampling. Appropriate risk assessment for the conduct of the research, including any physical or biological risks faced by researchers and participants. Adequate supervisory procedures to address researchers difficult thoughts and feelings about the research and the participants, to reduce harm to researchers. 2.3 Beneficence; Do good Will the research truly benefit the individual participants, or those like them? Will the research truly benefit some wider or more abstract entity such as science, knowledge, or society? Naturally, researchers generally hope the answer to at least some of these questions is yes. However, in justifying research it is important to reflect upon and respect conflicting notions of benefit. It is unethical to assume that benefit to participants, to science, or to society are an absolute good. Contemporary disagreements abound: For example, over animal rights, over the age at which the foetus becomes a person, or the appropriate balance between eroding individual liberties and promoting safety. When research can genuinely indicate likely beneficence, then this is important ethically and may justify research that would otherwise seem excessively hazardous to participants. However, this situation is relatively rare. Usually, ethical research involving human participants is about minimising harm, rather than increasing likely benefits. 2.4 Justice It is important to treat people equally and fairly and ensure that they are accorded their full rights. In research practice, much of this occurs under issues of truly informed consent (see 2.4.2). It is also worth mentioning the need to consider issues of participant selection criteria. There are often legitimate reasons for restricting a study to a specific gender, or excluding non-native speakers of the predominant language, or excluding specific ethnicities. However, sometimes these choices are made mainly for convenience, which may be ethically debatable and can require justification. There are many instances where convenient sampling criteria have resulted in a consequent lack of knowledge of whether findings apply to excluded groups. Any inclusion or exclusion criteria to be employed in the research should be clearly outlined and justified in the ethical approval application. There are also issues, now widely recognised by research councils and the NHS, of the extent to which research participants are entitled to help form the research agenda. Participant involvement in research design is good practice. 2.4.1 Confidentiality As well as being a basic rule of research ethics, confidentiality is also the subject of considerable literature and legislation including the Data Protection Act 1998. It is important to keep confidentiality distinct from anonymity. Anonymity involves the protection of the participant so that even the research team cannot link them to the information provided. Nowadays, this not only requires the avoidance of names, but also other identifier information such as postcodes. Moreover, particularly in small-scale more qualitative studies, some participants may be identifiable solely by the data they provide. Consequently, true anonymity from start to finish is relatively rare in research and should not be offered unless it is really provided. Confidentiality in contrast involves the prevention of disclosure of identity other than to authorised people, for authorised purposes. For example in the NHS, patient records are confidential, but may be accessed by any NHS staff for appropriate purposes; but not for inappropriate ones. Using records for malicious gossip would be a serious breach of confidentiality. In most research projects confidentiality is a process, rather than a condition. It is important to make clear to participants what confidentiality involves and what measures will be in place to protect participants from unwanted violations of confidentiality. If the data are retained for further research researchers need to ensure that the informed consent form explains and justifies this. Applicants should describe the measures taken to encode or anonymise stored data. Generally, data sets should be anonymised as soon as it is reasonable to do so, even if this requires the loss of potentially useful information. Even where only anonymised data are used, adequate security for storage and handling of such data must be demonstrated. This includes avoiding the unnecessary duplication of electronic data sets, which increases the chances of their being misused. 2.4.2. Data Storage The data protection act and confidentiality requirements (see above) pose a dilemma for data storage, which is another ethical requirement of research. If research is not going to be published in the public domain, but was conducted primarily for educational purposes, then raw data should be destroyed once the research work has been educationally assessed. Any data retained electronically should have all personal identifying information removed. QM has electronic (eResearch, QMU Research Repository:  HYPERLINK "http://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/" http://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/ ) and physical data repositories and is developing a thesis repository ( HYPERLINK "http://etheses.qmu.ac.uk/" http://etheses.qmu.ac.uk/). Please contact Information Services for further details. For research that may be published in the public domain whether this is student or staff work, raw research data needs to be stored for a reasonable period of time so that it can be reaccessed and checked should issues or queries arise (for example from conflicting findings by other research teams). The QMU Retention Policy is that raw data, including interview tapes, completed questionnaires, and other material, generally should be retained for five years after the research programme is completed, although this can vary depending on funder and other requirements. Additionally, signed consent forms should be kept separately from the data for 12 months on campus and thereafter in remote secure storage for the duration of the retention of the physical data. It is the responsibility of the principal researcher to store data securely for the appropriate length of time. Storage will normally be in the Division. 2.5. Academic freedom and restrictions on publication QMU policy is opposed to research that has restrictions placed on the publication of findings (see Appendix 4). These restrictions are usually placed by some funders, including some NHS, government and industry sources. Sometimes there are legitimate ethical reasons for restricting publication, for example to protect commercial interests. However, is becoming more common for funders to stipulate that they own the intellectual rights to research they have funded, simply to control the information and, potentially prevent or manage its release into the public domain. This is contrary to the spirit of academic inquiry and such research is arguably unethical because it colludes in the suppression of information. Research at QMU should not be contracted with strong clauses restricting publication. This should have been negotiated during the funding application process, but the Ethics Panel reserves the right to challenge the ethical probity of research where publication of findings has been restricted by the funding contract. SECTION 2 Procedures for Ethical Approval Submission of an application for ethical approval Without recorded ethics approval, under no circumstances can a research project proceed at 17Թ. The process of applying for ethical approval at QMU is described in this section, and is outlined in the flowchart in Appendix 1. The research team are responsible for applying for approval in a timely manner. Research should not collect any data from participants, or use other data that is not in the public domain until Ethical Approval has been granted. So doing potentially constitutes serious research misconduct. In some circumstances, the data collected may be inadmissible. In serious cases students or staff involved may be subject to disciplinary procedures. If anyone becomes aware that research data is being collected or used without Ethical Approval, then they should immediately notify their Head of Division/ Research Centre and the Research Ethics Panel. At minimum, staff and students will be required to suspend data collection/ use immediately until Ethical Approval is obtained. The Research Ethics Panel cannot guarantee that approval will be granted retrospectively for data already collected. The first step in gaining ethical approval is to complete an Application for Ethical Approval for a Research Project. This form is available on QMUs website, or can be obtained from the Secretary to the Research Ethics Panel (see Appendix 3 Panel Membership). Most questions on the form are self-explanatory. Section 1 of this document Ethical Principles to guide research should be read before the application for ethical approval is completed. It is the researchers responsibility to ensure that the Application for Ethical Approval form is fully completed, legible and literate, and has any supplementary material such as consent forms or information sheets attached as appropriate. Any form that deviates markedly from this standard will be returned to the applicant by the Head of Division, without review. The role of the Head of Division/Research Centre or other authorised person The completed application with information sheet and consent form included as appropriate, should be submitted to the Head of Division / Research Centre for consideration. The Head of Division / Research Centre will review the application and supplementary material, and will make a decision from four possible alternatives. External applicants wishing to conduct research using staff or students at QMU should apply directly to the University Research Ethics Panel, providing a copy of the approved ethics application obtained from their own organisation. If ethical approval has not been granted by their own organisation then they should complete the QMU standard form and submit it to the Secretary of the Research Ethics Panel. 2.1 If the application has been incorrectly completed, relevant information omitted or necessary supplementary material not included, the Head of Division should tick I refer this application back to the applicant because The reason(s) for referring the form back should be given, and the form signed and returned to the applicant. No record of the application need be kept by the Head of Division in this case. 2.2 If the application has been completed correctly and all relevant information included, there are three remaining alternatives, which should be considered in the order they are listed. The first, I refer this application to the Research Ethics Panel, should be chosen if any of the following circumstances apply: where any non-routine harm, physical or psychological discomfort, or physical, biological or psychological risk is involved; where participants are used who are under 16 or over 65 years of age or whose ability to give voluntary consent is limited, including cognitively impaired persons, prisoners, persons with a chronic physical or mental condition, or those who live in or are connected to an institutional environment; where any invasive technique is involved, DNA testing, or collection of bodily fluids or tissue; where a degree or duration of exercise or physical exertion is involved that might be painful, stressful or hazardous to some participants; where manipulation of cognitive or affective human responses are involved which could cause stress or anxiety; where drugs, including liquid and food additives or other substances, are administered for research purposes; where deception of participants is used of a nature which might cause distress or which might reasonably affect their willingness to participate in the research; where highly personal, intimate or other private or confidential information is sought; where payment is made to participants other than to cover expenses or time involved. Where restriction is intended on the publication of results (see Appendix 4) Where the research involves a sensitive research topic. Researchers, in particular undergraduate students, should carefully consider the implications of conducting research in sensitive topic areas which may cause emotional distress to participants or the researcher themselves, for example: domestic abuse rape or sexual assault psychological disorders e.g. Self-harm, eating disorders Illegal or unethical activities e.g., crime, drug abuse acute or terminal illness Please note this list is not exhaustive. Unless there are established research procedures at QM to deal with a specific sensitive topic that have previously been agreed to be minor invasive, research involving sensitive topics should be referred to the REP. 2.3 The second option, I find this application acceptable and an application for ethical approval should now be submitted to a relevant external committee, should be chosen if any of the following apply: The proposed research includes use of NHS patients or employees as subjects, NHS data, or it will be carried out (wholly or partly) on NHS premises. The applicant has indicated that ethical approval from another body will be required. The Head of Division knows that ethical approval from another body will be required. Where a student is submitting to an external committee, the application should be seen and checked by the Head of Division before it is submitted externally. 2.4 The third option, I grant ethical approval for this research, should be chosen if none of the above bullet points apply and the Head of Division (or other authorised person) is satisfied that the research can proceed ethically. 2.5 In all three cases, once signed by the Head of Division / Research Centre the application form must be submitted to the Secretary to the Research Ethics Panel to be logged on a centrally-maintained record of applications. Applications referred to the Research Ethics Panel must be received before the submission deadline in order to be considered at the next review period. Submission deadlines will be published by the Secretary to the Panel at the start of the academic year, and reminders will be circulated throughout the year. The role of the Research Ethics Panel The Research Ethics Panel reviews applications on a monthly basis. The application submission deadline will be the second Friday of each month and the dates will be published online before the start of each academic year. The Panels membership and remit can be found in Appendix 3. External applicants wishing to conduct research using staff or students at QMU should apply directly to the University Research Ethics Panel (see 2. above). 3.1 Applications for ethical approval referred to the Panel by a Head of Division / Research Centre are reviewed by three members of the Panel and a decision regarding approval is reached. The members comments are submitted to the Secretary who will communicate the Panels decision to the applicant in writing approximately two working days after the decision is reached. 3.2 There are three possible options available to the Panel when considering an application. The first, The Panel agrees that full ethical approval could be granted for the research, will be chosen when the Panel are satisfied that the researcher has taken all necessary steps to ensure that the research will be conducted ethically, and that any potential risk to applicants has been considered and minimised. 3.3 The second option is The Panel agrees that amendments to the application are required before ethical approval can be granted for the research. This will be chosen when the Panel supports the proposed research in principle, but agree that amendments to the application must be made before ethical approval can be granted. The amendments required by the Panel will be communicated to the applicant in writing by the Secretary. The amended application should be submitted to the Secretary in the first instance. It will then be reviewed by three members of the Panel and the Convener. If satisfied that the required amendments have been appropriately completed, ethical approval may be granted by Conveners Action. 3.4 The third option available to the Panel is The Panel invites the applicant to resubmit a revised application to its next meeting. This option will be chosen when the Panel agrees that the proposed research involves significant ethical issues that have not been adequately addressed by the applicant in the application for ethical approval. The issues raised by the Panel when considering the application will be notified to the applicant in writing by the Secretary, along with the submission deadline and date of the next meeting. The revised application should be submitted to the Secretary for review by the Panel members that reviewed the original application. If the applicant chooses to resubmit on another topic, an application should be submitted to the Head of Division / Research Centre in the first instance and should be treated as a new application. 3.5 Where applicants require an urgent decision on their application, a special request for fast track approval should be lodged with the Secretary. Fast track involves the review process described above, but reviewers comments are returned directly to the Convener for decision. The Panel reserves the right to delay fast tracked applications to the next application cycle, should the Convener deem this necessary. 3.6 Please note that fast tracking should only be requested in exceptional circumstances. Researchers should allow sufficient time in the planning of their research for completing the ethical approval process, including, if necessary, revisions to the application or resubmission to the Panel. Attendance of the applicant at a Panel meeting If the application has been referred by the Head of Division / Research Centre to the Research Ethics Panel, the applicant may be invited to attend a meeting of the Panel to answer further, verbal questions. The purpose of attendance would be to help Panel members gain a better understanding of the proposal. This could speed up the process of approval. Staff applicants would normally attend the meeting on their own. Undergraduate and MSc students should be accompanied by the supervisor of the research project as named on the application form, or an alternate if the supervisor is not available. Taught doctorate students and PhD students have the option of attending alone or with their supervisor. The Secretary of the Panel will inform applicants of the date of the relevant meeting and ask that this time is kept free. Applicants will be informed approximately three days in advance of the meeting whether attendance will be necessary. Continuing responsibilities of the researcher Any changes to the programme of research which are made following the granting of ethical approval and which would result in different information being given in any section of the Application for Ethical Approval form, should be notified to the Secretary to the Research Ethics Panel, who will advise on any action required. A report is also required should there be any adverse occurrences or any results that raise questions about the safety of the research. Notification should be submitted to the Panel on completion of the research. Defining different research procedures non-invasive, minor invasive and major invasive research methods and procedures These distinctions originated in medical research, where the distinctions are relatively obvious in terms of physical harm or disturbance. Invasive procedures involve the possibility of major harm, even if there may also be major benefits. Minor invasive procedures pose a risk of some harm and non-invasive procedures are unlikely to be harmful at all. These distinctions can also be applied to research with human participants that is not physically invasive. 6.1 A non-invasive procedure in humans would be one where it was unlikely that anybody would find participating at all stressful, upsetting, disturbing or psychologically or socially harmful. Usually, this requires a short procedure, a topic not controversial, stigmatising or distressing, no deception or discomfort during the procedure and highly confidential data handling procedures. Truly non-invasive procedures require only the addressing of standard ethical issues, clear demonstration that they are non-invasive, and should generally be approved by School/ Subject ethics committees. 6.2 A minor invasive procedure, in contrast, might be stressful, upsetting, disturbing, or psychologically or socially harmful, but probable harm would be brief and limited in nature relative to the participants lives. For example, some participants will find somewhat invasive any procedure that involves any overt or implied element of personal appraisal, because they have concerns about doing things properly or appropriately. On the other hand, someone suffering from a serious illness might find an interview about it only mildly invasive, compared to the invasion and upset already associated with their clinical care. To judge research non-invasive it is important to make a positive case that upset is highly unlikely and/or worth the benefits to participants and research. Minor invasive procedures additionally require the addressing of procedures to recognise and minimise upset should it occur and clear demonstration that the procedure is not major invasive. When the same or similar procedures have been used before at QMU, then these may be approved by the School/ Subject ethics procedures. Minor invasive procedures commonly used in the subject should be referred to the University Ethics Panel on first use at QMU and part of the application should document their common use in the subject beyond 17Թ. 6.3 Major invasive procedures are those where some participants are likely to find participation stressful, disturbing, or psychologically or socially harmful, and probable harm could be protracted or severe. That only a small minority of participants may respond in this manner does not render the procedure minor invasive. In addition to requirements for minor and non-invasive procedures, applications for ethical approval for major invasive techniques should explain how risks are to be minimised and how the research team is collectively competent to minimise and manage harm, should it occur. Major invasive procedures should be referred to the University Ethics Panel. A research procedure being major invasive is a function of the nature of the participants, the research topic, the research procedures themselves and the competence of the research team. Vulnerable participants, intimate, illegal, stigmatised or controversial research topics, protracted, demanding, physically stressful or tedious research procedures and a less competent team make it more likely that the procedure will be major invasive. 6.4 The Panel delegates responsibility for approving non invasive and established minor invasive research procedures to the Schools. As discussed above, these criteria are relative to (a) the participants, (b) the researchers and (c) the research topic. Significant changes in any of these should be referred to the Research Ethics Panel in the first instance. For example, that some staff commonly use a technique does not justify its use by a student not supervised by any staff member experienced in the technique. Another example is that the invasiveness of questionnaires or interviews is heavily topic-dependent. A reasonable principle is often that research procedures approved for vulnerable participants, less experienced researchers and more sensitive topics can often be conducted unproblematically with less vulnerable participants, more experienced researchers and less sensitive topics. It is the responsibility of the Head of Division Area Ethics Committee if applicable to keep an updated list of approved methods in that school or subject and to provide the University Ethics Panel with this list at least once a year. This list will include relevant information about any restrictions on this approval in terms of researchers, participants or topics. Appendix 1 PROCESS FOR OBTAINING ETHICAL APPROVAL AT QMU  EMBED Visio.Drawing.11  Appendix 2 Research Ethics Panel Remit and Membership Remit To ensure that the research conducted in the University complies with appropriate ethical standards and to make recommendations to the Research Strategy Committee as set out below. The Panel will have delegated authority to: determine the ethical propriety of such research projects as are referred to it; provide advice to researchers and supervisors on the ethical propriety of their research; review on a regular basis the Universitys Guidelines on Ethics related to research; submit annual performance indicators to the Research Strategy Committee. Membership Convener Nominee of the Research Strategy Committee Nominated Representatives nominated from the academic staff of each School, who are actively involved in research Secretary To be appointed by the Director of Registry and Secretariat Frequency Business is conducted virtually on a monthly basis Members of the Research Ethics Panel 2017/8 (NB Subject to review to reflect revised School structure and ensure fair balance) Convener:Gemma Blackledge-FoughaliArts, Social Sciences and ManagementDeputy ConvenerDerek SantosHealth SciencesNominated:Irvine Allan Arts, Social Sciences and ManagementPaula DanbyArts, Social Sciences and ManagementIain GowHealth SciencesCarola EyberHealth SciencesDr Olivia Sagan Arts, Social Sciences and ManagementChris Preston Erna Haroldsdottir Margaret Hills De Zarate Catherine McClintick Robin Lickley Paul GilfillanArts, Social Sciences and Management Health Sciences Health Sciences Health Sciences Health Sciences Arts, Social Sciences and ManagementSecretary:Lucy HindRegistry Officer (Governance and Quality Enhancement)  Appendix 3 Example Consent Form and Information Sheet  Example Consent Form Participant Identification Number for this project: CONSENT FORM Title of Project: Name of Researcher: Please initial box I confirm that I have read the information sheet dated.................... (version............) for the above study. I have had the opportunity to consider the information, ask questions and have had these answered satisfactorily. I understand that my participation is voluntary and that I am free to withdraw at any time without giving any reason, without my legal rights [or medical care only for healthcare studies] being affected. (If appropriate) I understand that relevant sections of my medical notes and data collected during the study, may be looked at by individuals from [company name], from regulatory authorities or from the NHS Trust, where it is relevant to my taking part in this research. I give permission for these individuals to have access to my records.  (If appropriate) I understand that the information collected about me will be used to support other research in the future, and may be shared anonymously with other researchers.  (If appropriate) I agree to my General Practitioner being informed of my participation in the study. (If appropriate) I agree for my blood/saliva/urine to be collected for this project. (If appropriate) I agree to be video/audio recorded for this project. I agree to take part in the above study. Name of Participant Date Signature Name of Person Date Signature taking consent Example Information Sheet for Potential Participants Participant Information Sheet Title of Study Invitation and brief summary My name is Sam Student and I am an undergraduate student from the School of xxxxxxxxxx at Queen Margaret University in Edinburgh. As part of my degree course, I am undertaking a research project for my Honours dissertation. The title of my project is: xxxxxxxxxx This study will investigate / is about / is looking into xxxxxxxxxx. [If applicable: The findings of the project will be useful / valuable because xxxxxxxxxx.] [If applicable: This research is being funded by xxxxxxxxxx.] I am looking for volunteers to participate in the project. There are no criteria (e.g. gender, age, or health) for being included or excluded everyone is welcome to take part. [If there are inclusion / exclusion criteria then these should be stated.] Whats involved? If you agree to participate in the study, you will be asked to xxxxxxxxxx. There is a risk that xxxxxxxxxx / The researcher is not aware of any risks associated with xxxxxxxxxx. The whole procedure should take no longer than xx minutes. You will be free to withdraw from the study at any stage and you would not have to give a reason. What would taking part involve? [See document QMU Guidance for participant information sheet for what details to include for this section.] [If applicable: Since your participation will involve you travelling to Queen Margaret University especially, you will be reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses.] What are the possible benefits of taking part? [See document QMU Guidance for participant information sheet for what details to include for this section.] What are the possible disadvantages and risks of taking part? [See document QMU Guidance for participant information sheet for what details to include for this section.] [Other supporting relevant information Use suggested titles from document QMU Guidance for participant information sheet ] [See document QMU Guidance for participant information sheet for what details to include for this section.] All data will be anonymised as much as possible, but you may be identifiable from tape recordings of your voice / or xxxxxxxxxx. Your name will be replaced with a participant number, and it will not be possible for you to be identified in any reporting of the data gathered. The results may be published in a journal or presented at a conference / or xxxxxxxxxx. If you would like to contact an independent person, who knows about this project but is not involved in it, you are welcome to contact Dr Chris Lecturer. Her contact details are given below. If you have read and understood this information sheet, any questions you had have been answered, and you would like to be a participant in the study, please now see the consent form. Contact details of the researcher Name of researcher: Sam Student Address: Undergraduate Student, Division, School Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh Queen Margaret University Drive Musselburgh East Lothian EH21 6UU Email / Telephone:  HYPERLINK "mailto:sstudent@qmu.ac.uk" sstudent@qmu.ac.uk / 0131 474 0000 Contact details of the independent adviser (note that the independent adviser cannot be a member of your supervisory team) Name of adviser: Dr Chris Lecturer Address: Post, Division, School Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh Queen Margaret University Drive Musselburgh East Lothian EH21 6UU Email / Telephone:  HYPERLINK "mailto:clecturer@qmu.ac.uk" clecturer@qmu.ac.uk / 0131 474 0000 Note: You should give only QMU (not home) contact details. Appendix 4 Restriction on Publication Clauses which give the funder the right to restrict publication of results are sometimes sought by private companies who are intending to fund university research. They are also sometimes sought by government departments. Restrictions are usually (but not always) time limited and they may be more or less draconian in nature. For example, an agreement which requires the funder to provide written justification for turning down a request to publish obviously presents less of an obstacle than a right to veto in the absence of such a requirement. The impact of a delay in publication will vary from one instance to another. In a rapidly developing field, a delay of two years might render the results out-of-date and therefore unpublishable. In another case, such a delay might have little effect on the publishability of the results. The reasons behind demands for restrictions on publication include military security, commercial advantage and risks to third parties. Research on a communication system between fighter pilots might be an example of the first; the wish to have time to patent a walking aid might be an example of the second; reporting the opinions of a respondent who is thereby put in peril might be an example of the third. An instinct for secrecy on the part of a government department, or the desire to withhold neutral or adverse results on a product in order to sell off existing stock, would be examples of obviously insufficient (indeed illegitimate) reasons for restrictions. Universities normally resist restrictions on publication, for reasons of principle and for material reasons. The principle is that of 'freedom of speech', or in this case freedom to publish. Universities have a historical and continuing role in asserting freedom of speech and the principle that academics have the right to reveal the results of their research to society at large. The material reasons concern the university's income, its reputation and the career opportunities of academic staff. The university derives income from the REF. Publications contribute towards the REF rating and loss of opportunity to publish can therefore impact fairly directly on income; also, publications significantly enhance opportunities to secure future research grants. Until research results are published, the research can make little contribution to the university's reputation; scandal as the result of revelations of controversial 'secret findings' would have negative effects on the university's reputation. Academic staff depend on publication for career advancement, so for the researchers themselves the ability to publish is crucial. A further risk to researchers (and the institution) is that of being prevented from disclosing a discovery which has adverse implications for public safety or public health. Special consideration is needed for research leading to a PhD or MSc award. The necessity for external involvement in the examination process may lead to a technical breach of an agreement on restriction on disclosure. In such cases, the agreement of all parties should be established, to ensure that the restrictions do not lead to a conflict with the requirement for adequate external scrutiny of theses. QMU policy on restrictions on publication: any research project proposal which contains a restriction on the researcher's freedom to publish must be considered at a meeting of the Research Ethics Panel, and the decision recorded in the minutes; demands for restriction on publication should be resisted as far as possible; the reasons behind a request for a restriction should be ascertained and an assessment of the justification for any restrictions should be assessed, along with an estimate of their practical effects; due regard should be given to different effects of restrictions on different areas of research; where restrictions are agreed, they should be precisely defined, including specification of beginning and end points of the time scale involved and the procedure and time scale for reaching a decision between funder and researcher on submission for publication; where restrictions are agreed, the University should protect itself against the possibility of being legally restrained from disclosing results which ought urgently to be disclosed for the public good; where restrictions are agreed, a level of funding which reflects their financial impact should be negotiated; in the case of research leading to a post-graduate award, for which restrictions are agreed, the arrangements for external examination of the thesis should be agreed in advance; QMU will not accept any contract which contains restrictions on publication which cannot be justified on ethical grounds.     PAGE  This document draws on research ethics guidelines and codes of practice published by the European Commission and the British Psychological Society as well as those in place at other Scottish institutions, in particular University of Strathclyde and Glasgow Caledonian University. Our thanks go to our colleagues at these institutions for sharing their good practice with us at 17Թ.  PAGE 1 t    8 9 : N ̼oYoCo+j,h!hBNCJOJQJUaJ+jh!hBNCJOJQJUaJ)h!hBN0JB*CJOJQJaJph+jh!hBNCJOJQJUaJ%jh!hBNCJOJQJUaJh!hBNCJOJQJaJh!hBN5CJOJQJaJ#h!hBN5CJOJQJ^JaJ#h!hBN>*CJOJQJ^JaJh>*CJOJQJ^JaJ*ijst9kd$$Ifl 64 la $$Ifa$gdBN$a$gdBNgdBN$a$gdBN [Lkd$$Ifl0 64 la $$Ifa$gdBNLkdD$$Ifl0 64 la  P X i }  ' ( $ & F$Ifa$gdBN$ & F$Ifa$gdBN $$Ifa$gdBNLkdc$$Ifl0 64 laN O ( ) F G H \ ] _ ` y z {   % & ' X Y ` a z ݜ݆v`+jBh!hBNCJOJQJUaJh!hBN5CJOJQJaJ+jh!hBNCJOJQJUaJ+jh!hBNCJOJQJUaJ)h!hBN0JB*CJOJQJaJph+jh!hBNCJOJQJUaJh!hBNCJOJQJaJ%jh!hBNCJOJQJUaJ"( ^ _ Lkd$$Ifl0 64 la$ & F$Ifa$gdBN $$Ifa$gdBN$ & F$Ifa$gdBN     n9kd$$Ifl 64 la $$Ifa$gdBNLkdZ$$Ifl0 64 la   Z [ \ ] [Lkd$$Ifl0 64 la $$Ifa$gdBNLkd$$Ifl0 64 la] ^ ` [Lkd$$Ifl0 64 la $$Ifa$gdBNLkd $$Ifl0 64 laz { |     7 8 9 \ a i j q r ֠֠x֠֠bP֠֠#h^0JB*CJOJQJaJph+jh!hBNCJOJQJUaJ#h 0JB*CJOJQJaJph+jrh!hBNCJOJQJUaJh!hBNCJOJQJaJ#h0JB*CJOJQJaJph)h!hBN0JB*CJOJQJaJph%jh!hBNCJOJQJUaJ+j]h!hBNCJOJQJUaJ     [Lkd$$Ifl0 64 la $$Ifa$gdBNLkd $$Ifl0 64 la   k l m n [Lkd$$Ifl0 64 la $$Ifa$gdBNLkd5$$Ifl0 64 lan o q [Lkd% $$Ifl0 64 la $$Ifa$gdBNLkdP $$Ifl0 64 la   p q :ֲֲֲ֐zֲ֐dRֲ֐#h 0JB*CJOJQJaJph+j h_hBNCJOJQJUaJ+j h_hBNCJOJQJUaJhBNCJOJQJaJ+j h!hBNCJOJQJUaJh!hBNCJOJQJaJ)h!hBN0JB*CJOJQJaJph%jh!hBNCJOJQJUaJ+j h!hBNCJOJQJUaJ   , E ^ _ KLkdD $$Ifl0 64 la$ & F$Ifa$gdBN $$Ifa$gdBNLkdw $$Ifl0 64 la_ ` a b c [Lkd] $$Ifl0 64 laLkd $$Ifl0 64 la $$Ifa$gdBNhij[Lkd $$Ifl0 64 la $$Ifa$gdBNLkd $$Ifl0 64 la:;<fgjwxֲnYH:HhBNCJOJQJ^JaJ h!hBNCJOJQJ^JaJ)h~hBN0JB*CJOJQJaJph+j9h~hBNCJOJQJUaJh~hBNCJOJQJaJ%jh~hBNCJOJQJUaJhBNCJOJQJaJh!hBNCJOJQJaJ)h!hBN0JB*CJOJQJaJph%jh!hBNCJOJQJUaJ+jn h_hBNCJOJQJUaJ,- $ a$gdBN $ a$gdBN & FgdBNgdBN$a$gdBNLkd$$Ifl0 64 la,#\m)F  %&:;BCD  ""3#R#''Z,[,\,00ܺ܋}}܋܋l h!h9pCJOJQJ^JaJhgCJOJQJ^JaJhBNCJOJQJ^JaJ#h!h9p5CJOJQJ^JaJhBN5CJOJQJ^JaJh^CJOJQJ^JaJ&h!hBNhFCJOJQJ^JaJ h!hBNCJOJQJ^JaJ#h!hBN5CJOJQJ^JaJ&[\  ()FG }$ & F 8a$gd9p$ hh^h`a$gdBN $ & Fa$gdBN $ a$gdBN$ 0^`0a$gdBN$ ^a$gdBN $ a$gdBN$ ^a$gdBNof &;CD / 0 ##/&0&$ h8a$gdBNoPŦgdBNh^hgdBN $ 8a$gdBN$ & F 8a$gd9p$ & F 8a$gd9p0&'''r*s*[,\,,../0&022R2S223$ & F 8a$gdBN$ & F h8a$gd9p $ h8a$gdBN$ 8^a$gdBN $ 8a$gdBN $ 8a$gdBN0&0Q2R2S2P5p577888@ A!ATABBCCII˺٨ٗ˺٨s_٨K&h!hBNh zCJOJQJ^JaJ&h!hBNhFCJOJQJ^JaJ#h!hBN>*CJOJQJ^JaJ#h!hBN6CJOJQJ^JaJ h9phBNCJOJQJ^JaJ#h!hBN5CJOJQJ^JaJ h!h9pCJOJQJ^JaJhBNCJOJQJ^JaJ h!hBNCJOJQJ^JaJ)h!hBNhF5CJOJQJ^JaJ3|44O5P5p5(6l6m67E8F888$99F: $ & F a$gdBN $ a$gdBN $ 8a$gdBN$ & F 8a$gdBN$ & F 8a$gd9p$ 8^a$gdBN $ 8a$gdBN$ & F 8a$gdBNF:.;;.<<6>B??"@@@ A!ACCCKKFKM M$ 8^a$gdBN $ 8a$gdBN $ 8a$gdBN $ 8a$gdg$ & F a$gdBN $ & F a$gdBNIIJJJKFKKKL'L>LHLLLJMKM PPQQQQRRRUUUUMZNZʹʧʕʕʕʕʁʧoaʧoSh8 CJOJQJ^JaJhgCJOJQJ^JaJ#h!hBN6CJOJQJ^JaJ&h!hBNh?CJOJQJ^JaJ#h!hBN>*CJOJQJ^JaJ#h!hBN5CJOJQJ^JaJ h zhBNCJOJQJ^JaJ h!hBNCJOJQJ^JaJ h!hgCJOJQJ^JaJ&h!hgh zCJOJQJ^JaJ MJMMNN?OOtPQQQQQ|T}TUUUUOZ $ h8a$gdBN$ 8^a$gdBN $ 8a$gdBN $ 8a$gd9p$ & F 8a$gdBN $ 8a$gdBNNZOZPZeZ4bHbdAdBdkdldmddddddνt\I6t$hbhBN0JCJOJQJ^JaJ$hbhBN0JCJOJQJ^JaJ/jhbhBNCJOJQJU^JaJ hhBNCJOJQJ^JaJ)jhhBNCJOJQJU^JaJ hhBNCJOJQJ^JaJ#h9phBN5CJOJQJ^JaJ h!hBNCJOJQJ^JaJ#h!hBN5CJOJQJ^JaJh9p5CJOJQJ^JaJ h8 h9pCJOJQJ^JaJOZPZfZQ[R[V]W]^^__3b4bHbhh"i#i1m2m3m4m5m$ 8^a$gdBN$ 8^a$gdBNoA#Ħ $ a$gdBN $ 8a$gdBNdddddeeQehhh!i"i#iiill5mٝ}n\N@h^CJOJQJ^JaJhBNCJOJQJ^JaJ#h zh9p5CJOJQJ^JaJhBN5CJOJQJ^JaJ#h zhBN5CJOJQJ^JaJhCJOJQJ^JaJ h!hBNCJOJQJ^JaJ$hbhBN0JCJOJQJ^JaJ/jhbhBNCJOJQJU^JaJ hhBNCJOJQJ^JaJ)jhhBNCJOJQJU^JaJ5m?m@mmmmppppqqrrrr-s.stu,u-uMuxuyuzuuͻܭܟܟܟܑ܃ܭtbP#h.5h9p5CJOJQJ^JaJ#h.5hBN5CJOJQJ^JaJh5CJOJQJ^JaJhBNCJOJQJ^JaJh^CJOJQJ^JaJh CJOJQJ^JaJhCJOJQJ^JaJ#h!h9p5CJOJQJ^JaJhBN5CJOJQJ^JaJ h!hBNCJOJQJ^JaJ#h!hBN5CJOJQJ^JaJ5m@mAmbmcmmmnnqqrrss+u,u-uyuzuXxYxyy8{ $ & F a$gd9p$a$gdBN $h^ha$gd9p $ & F a$gdBNgdBNuuuv*v:v6wKwMwVwawewwWxYx\xxxxxxxxy9yyyyyyyyyyzzzz{{{{{|||0ӥӥӥӥӥӥᓄvhBNCJOJQJ^JaJh 6CJOJQJ^JaJ#h!hBN6CJOJQJ^JaJhgCJOJQJ^JaJ#h!hBN5CJOJQJ^JaJh CJOJQJ^JaJhCJOJQJ^JaJ h!hBNCJOJQJ^JaJhS ICJOJQJ^JaJ.8{{|A}}<~~LFl{ˁF ل.̅ $ & F a$gdBN$a$gdBN^gdBN & FgdBN & F gdBN0D:D #8Ƀ݄̃ބ[dͅЅScEŻ#0qvᯠӒӒӒvvvh CJOJQJ^JaJh^CJOJQJ^JaJhgCJOJQJ^JaJh^6CJOJQJ^JaJ#h!hBN6CJOJQJ^JaJ#h!hBN5CJOJQJ^JaJhCJOJQJ^JaJ h!hBNCJOJQJ^JaJhBNCJOJQJ^JaJ.̅ͅЈш)*Ǎȍɖʖ]^ $h^ha$gd9p $ & F a$gd9p$a$gdBNvш9;?UVWډ߉&+;@AnpοqcR h!h^CJOJQJ^JaJhCJOJQJ^JaJ#h!hBN5CJOJQJ^JaJh^CJOJQJ^JaJhcVCJOJQJ^JaJh CJOJQJ^JaJ#h.5h9p5CJOJQJ^JaJhBN5CJOJQJ^JaJh 5CJOJQJ^JaJ#h.5hBN5CJOJQJ^JaJ h!hBNCJOJQJ^JaJ prz{|‹&*-`eȍˍ[knz.3ﯠﯠshCJOJQJ^JaJhgCJOJQJ^JaJ h!hgCJOJQJ^JaJh^6CJOJQJ^JaJ#h!hBN6CJOJQJ^JaJ#h!hBN5CJOJQJ^JaJhCeDCJOJQJ^JaJh^CJOJQJ^JaJ h!hBNCJOJQJ^JaJ-ŐɐΐӐ 7:FK :#fy–ǖɖᤲᒃqbh^5CJOJQJ^JaJ#h!h}Z5CJOJQJ^JaJh}Z5CJOJQJ^JaJ#h!hBN5CJOJQJ^JaJhCeDCJOJQJ^JaJhCJOJQJ^JaJh^6CJOJQJ^JaJ#h!hBN6CJOJQJ^JaJ h!hBNCJOJQJ^JaJh^CJOJQJ^JaJ"&6PeәؙܚݚޚԜٜrstDGHI`NͿͱ͕ͣͣͣ̓ͱuu̓̓c̓̓#h9phBN5CJOJQJ^JaJhBNCJOJQJ^JaJ#h!hBN5CJOJQJ^JaJhgCJOJQJ^JaJh^CJOJQJ^JaJh CJOJQJ^JaJhCJOJQJ^JaJ h!hBNCJOJQJ^JaJ#h!h9p5CJOJQJ^JaJhBN5CJOJQJ^JaJ%ݚޚstCD¦fg"#$ ^a$gdBN $ a$gdBN $ & Fa$gdBN $h^ha$gd9p $ & F a$gd9p$a$gdBNNS¦ߦ_de"&+0_t̮ܮlq@AC|ͿͱͣͿ͇xiU&hNhBN5>*CJOJQJ^JaJh}Z5CJOJQJ^JaJhBN5CJOJQJ^JaJh^CJOJQJ^JaJhBNCJOJQJ^JaJh CJOJQJ^JaJh}ZCJOJQJ^JaJhCJOJQJ^JaJ h!hBNCJOJQJ^JaJ#h!hBN5CJOJQJ^JaJh^5CJOJQJ^JaJ !"#$%&'()*+,-./012345$a$gdBN56789:;<=>?@ABCN|}԰հ۰gdBN$a$gdBN|}~԰۰kst彬vvevSB4BhY)CJOJQJ^JaJ h!hBNCJOJQJ^JaJ#h!hBN5CJOJQJ^JaJ h 5>*CJOJQJ^JaJ&h!hBN5>*CJOJQJ^JaJ h8 5>*CJOJQJ^JaJ h9p5>*CJOJQJ^JaJ hBN5>*CJOJQJ^JaJ hNhBNCJOJQJ^JaJjh}ZUjG}P h}ZUVhBNjhBNU#hNhBN>*CJOJQJ^JaJt~Ȳ !9KLWXY˳ EFGWlm}h\QIAhCJ^Jh CJ^Jh!hBNCJ^Jh!hBN5CJ^J(h!hBNCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH "hY)CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH +h!hBN5CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH h$2JCJOJQJ^JaJhY)CJOJQJ^JaJ#h!hBN5CJOJQJ^JaJh^CJOJQJ^JaJ h!hBNCJOJQJ^JaJhCJOJQJ^JaJjk LMN FGHǴȴ$a$gdBNgdBN `^``gdY) `^``gdBNgdBNgdBN & FgdBNmsƴǴҴ!".?@KYZ~͵ϵ۵$34aԸƸԖԸԧzlh^ CJOJQJ^JaJhR%CJOJQJ^JaJh$}CJOJQJ^JaJ hhCJOJQJ^JaJ h!hCJOJQJ^JaJhCJOJQJ^JaJh#CJOJQJ^JaJ h!hBNCJOJQJ^JaJh!hBNCJ^JhCJ^Jh#CJ^J$ȴҴ"/?`kdjI$$IflF #  :j$    4 laytY) $Ifgd# $IfgdBN?@KYZ $Ifgd $IfgdBN`kdI$$IflF #  :j$    4 laytY) $Ifgdg $IfgdBN`kdJ$$IflF #  :j$    4 laytY)͵ $Ifgdg $Ifgd$2J $IfgdBN`kdiJ$$IflF #  :j$    4 laytY)͵εϵܵ $Ifgdg $IfgdBN`kdJ$$IflF #  :j$    4 laytY)$ $Ifgdg $IfgdBN`kdK$$IflF #  :j$    4 laytY)$%&45Havȶض $Ifgdg $IfgdBN`kdhK$$IflF #  :j$    4 laytY)ض).2ETUlmnwyŷӇyŕhWC2C hBN5>*CJOJQJ^JaJ&h!hBN5>*CJOJQJ^JaJ h9p5>*CJOJQJ^JaJ h5>*CJOJQJ^JaJh@uCJOJQJ^JaJh$}CJOJQJ^JaJ h!hCJOJQJ^JaJ h!hAV]CJOJQJ^JaJh^ CJOJQJ^JaJhR%CJOJQJ^JaJhCJOJQJ^JaJ h!h^ CJOJQJ^JaJhAV]CJOJQJ^JaJ)3Ujk $Ifgd$} $IfgdBN`kdK$$IflF #  :j$    4 laytY)klmyz· dhxgdjogdBN$a$gdBNgdBN`kdL$$IflF #  :j$    4 laytY)·̷ҷ)*=>ڸ&'(cǹ̻̻o^P^^P^o^^^hCCJOJQJ^JaJ hhjoCJOJQJ^JaJ8jh6hjoCJOJQJU^JaJmHnHsH u#hThjo5CJOJQJ^JaJhC5CJOJQJ^JaJhE|hjo5OJQJ^J h/0hjoCJOJQJ^JaJhjoCJOJQJ^JaJ h!hBNh!hBNCJOJQJaJjgLh!hBNCJUaJ)=&'OQjk~~r dhgdjo,dxx^gdjo & F #dh^#gdjo dh^gdjo & F dh^gdCxxgdjo & F dh^gdjodhx]^gdjo dhxgdjo ǹ͹ι 5<\MOP̻̪{m_{_{_{mB8jh6hjoCJOJQJU^JaJmHnHsH uhCCJOJQJ^JaJhjoCJOJQJ^JaJ hhjoCJOJQJ^JaJ;jh-hjo6CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHsH u h-hjoCJOJQJ^JaJ hChjoCJOJQJ^JaJ#hChjo6CJOJQJ^JaJhC6CJOJQJ^JaJ#h-hjo6CJOJQJ^JaJPQaikl|¼üӼ 678ɻɭcڭcڭɭR h/0hjoCJOJQJ^JaJ7jh-hjo6CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHu h-hjoCJOJQJ^JaJ8jh6hjoCJOJQJU^JaJmHnHsH uhjoCJOJQJ^JaJhCCJOJQJ^JaJ hhjoCJOJQJ^JaJ#h-hjo6CJOJQJ^JaJ&hjoCJOJPJQJ^JaJnH tH k¼ 678DklxgdBN$a$gdBNdhgdjo dhxgdjoxxgdjo,dxx^gdjo #dh^#gdjo & F #dh^#gdjo8;<?@DlopstxϽн%'0568UܿshsZOhw 6CJOJQJhhw 5CJOJQJhw 5CJOJQJhksYhw 5CJOJQJhw CJOJQJ hw CJ h!hBNh!hCCJOJQJaJhCCJOJQJaJhBNCJOJQJaJh!hBNCJOJQJaJhjoCJOJQJ^JaJ hAvhjoCJOJQJ^JaJ#hAvhjo>*CJOJQJ^JaJ½ýĽŽƽǽȽɽʽ˽$a$gdBN˽̽ͽνϽн%&'678UV_`@A@$a$gdw gdw gdw gdBNgdBN$a$gdBN>AR6Dv&su 12-.ꆧwmhXSCJOJQJhUhw 0JCJOJQJ'jhUhw CJOJQJUhuNhw CJOJQJjhw CJOJQJUhw 5CJOJQJh!chw 5CJOJQJh=7hw 5CJOJQJhr`hw 5CJOJQJhw CJOJQJhw 6CJOJQJ%@AR45vw$%&)*CDgdw D"#CDvCDE+ ^`gdXS]gdw ^`gdw gdw gdw +NZqr ;<`a?@ & FgdBNgdBN]gdw ^`gdXSgdw <_`<Ee>?ĹuuugguuuU#h~hBN5CJOJQJ^JaJhCJOJQJ^JaJhBNCJOJQJ^JaJ h~hBNCJOJQJ^JaJ hBN5>*CJOJQJ^JaJ&h!hBN5>*CJOJQJ^JaJhw 6CJOJQJhw CJOJQJhUhw 0JCJOJQJjhw CJOJQJU'jhUhw CJOJQJUGN; &`#$gdBN & FgdBNgdBNFHMO:<fxRSYZ΅}o}o}hw CJOJQJ^JaJ h8Sahw CJOJQJ^JaJhw hw 0Jjhw 0JUh+jh+U hBN5>*CJOJQJ^JaJ&h!hBN5>*CJOJQJ^JaJhBNCJOJQJ^JaJ h~hBNCJOJQJ^JaJh CJOJQJ^JaJ)R]^_`gdBN $h]ha$gdBN$a$gdBNh]hgdBNZ[\]^_` hBN5>*CJOJQJ^JaJh+hw h8Sahw CJjhw 0JU*h@h0JmHnHu,1h. A!"#$% B$$If!vh#vQ!:V l654P$$If!vh#v;#v:V l6554{DyK  introductionP$$If!vh#v;#v:V l6554P$$If!vh#v;#v:V l6554wDyK  principlessDyK  autonomyDyK nonmaleficenceyDyK  beneficenceqDyK justiceP$$If!vh#v;#v:V l6554P$$If!vh#v;#v:V l6554B$$If!vh#vQ!:V l654P$$If!vh#v;#v:V l6554wDyK  submissionP$$If!vh#v;#v:V l6554P$$If!vh#v;#v:V l6554qDyK roleHoSP$$If!vh#v;#v:V l6554P$$If!vh#v;#v:V l6554qDyK roleRECP$$If!vh#v;#v:V l6554P$$If!vh#v;#v:V l6554wDyK  attendanceP$$If!vh#v;#v:V l6554P$$If!vh#v;#v:V l6554DyK responsibilitiesP$$If!vh#v;#v:V l6554P$$If!vh#v;#v:V l6554{DyK  invasivenessP$$If!vh#v;#v:V l6554P$$If!vh#v;#v:V l6554uDyK  flowchartP$$If!vh#v;#v:V l6554mDyK remitP$$If!vh#v;#v:V l6554yDyK  consentformP$$If!vh#v;#v:V l6554DyK restrictionpublicationP$$If!vh#v;#v:V l6554DyK http://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/yK 8http://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/DyK http://etheses.qmu.ac.uk/yK 4http://etheses.qmu.ac.uk/8Dd 3-w>b  c $A? ?3"`?"7~|7=3L 7 3@=7~|7=3L +Tp9z7x] XT^ h  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~!Root Entry  F5Data TWordDocument .zObjectPoolB55_1350387474FB5B5Ole CompObjsObjInfo  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=? FMicrosoft Visio DrawingVisio 11.0 ShapesVisio.Drawing.119q Oh+'0 X`lx ewilsonVisioDocument VisioInformation"SummaryInformation( DocumentSummaryInformation8 D      "#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`bcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Visio (TM) Drawing uRu[?37 !fffMMM333Fwͩ}|kݝHxUPT/ CUJ:DT5I[1hXT@. /UbW##_b0zGz? L\&B1r&b%U& !oM $d ) P?;H$,Q, & #&J , 5& ?D#//?M?\.? CA  ~,,,'q/%P6$Y6 (}k?l)?"U   U%A3# o >S@#B:_a_ReUUeUeUeUeUeUePONODN`_ReUUeUeUeUeUUeUeUU/b SR%;5OM%>Qiq;RRRRgg Rqh>Qj /A^F' %p3:|bFpT#| | | vi?=Os<34x,,,/RQmeY q]U@QvovL__q____OO_OOTYA`,X@L&/d2?ɖQ3YҨsUΡ̦xΟ@$"Jʼ& ͥ*@d2A??ϟJ[D! f:45ŧ5ŷ5@ 0 0D$#    Q#b ; Chߠ Y ,00JDNrq(NN㊮NN(NN&&uc7D)KXXFNvvK&KD#KD#-D#NHGDB$KzzDKq%iz4 }1T\,Eu9fdhT,W'0΢Uܮ5E0 fI$[OmOC%ߑE##HZߪ  E,3Y&4JY&5&6<s9FaBaj+h8 8?&!3"DE=T;ܯ?w?@??8&t,'5UR^LY  Y7akKt//BJhuizpsĝa.1DTcAcpvOpM KKuhdX(G:iX IT[EEh.D#E,ah-50zG#zpvb aHGmc/QP K{\Hp_ hd? pA?%?7?I?[;<t5j! OO*FQ///F/K]SEn%cO@OOlE$g\Ey[EO_!_3_E_W_i_{_____VB506,HM.`e^MIa,>PbQaƒ2q? a%oXIoQfdoooSEX_O-OF6EDpE66Oҟm2Hg;pbӏ_ ,X7R[,Tful3~O贁Nk?JTf/6S?]?0'^5x@E@E@@t$ 'n/jRFfuOOo{o_0&G9O_KZk=_O_((]|Tq?Q);/q/ q58?Wf9|s???:etb< djb wOo"oOOO_/aoso; o-W,'HhWWCo/?I=)1DˠI 2DVOO_&Xoo+oooo9}-P|)CeɍU=O2b@b~qbYk}_ſ׿ˏ);M_qσϕϧ%7v [mur+b{r 0BTfx 0BTfxv9r7 }5GYk}Uc &8J\n/"/y!?"I/[/m/{.bLbݠ////// ??0?B?T?f?y???????? OO-O?OQOcOuOOx??OO,O>OPObOtOO_bksOOOOO_ _2_D_V_h_z__a=8\0ٶ_a=b;bbh_U./_oor-b@b3bDbMo _oqooojmizoooobݏ١&8J\nT2-?ȀIbQY1AByq1<֏ 0BTfxjPşן 1CUgyT W3!)9ت]2\nȿڿ]ߧCUgyϋϯ -?QߵuU45 ߤ߶ߊJ@J 1CUgy'9K]oTGFw?3{bq#]#.@)h('}o@o HZl~/ /2/D/T$1a/r8/)6Hx///&n|/??$?6?H?~???2$DPT<?qd@1m[Y/E1 $/T 6D UUF~@xF4Fzk%>F >A2 OBu D(2OVhz~ Drag thuesapWonodwipe+.cs*Wfuci: oObl-=l)cka!dh-1 H D  # =ih#4>T#3 A5AUF~? ?F\.?P6 Tuv` ??uJ bkrr r.AšJYMJU5 !LK@#I;!@$5 `?CopyrigTt (c])r 20~ 3r uMj ch osb Ifp"a!rd !ap ib n r AUl h(s"e eh v d/`Vj s_SFBcTm!#5N~"06!5' #%0 5K)M6G# G'? *lW btrr&/Lh=L@l>61Uhh7PY!"  *#"JT3FFFr\F BM)(aOAO#"A5N_IQEEFR_Ov[R52O;EBrA RS#")(le @j 7heGoj@8=ook8too q(b5@MCW?0v0v H"SFAr@K\/SqMRB_<NhCFi{z,%)t@@r uGj5q5{#5"C#"mZon+EBTM,"KK2JK\3;%Vq>#  @!2`a!sp s.2`A#"2,%q1BXVqajGDu*5AଚbA"` R"o͒c"4ڑAEDɏ,%A!MJa?)E[4C/G## %(p&"p"!0~Rb  %BevmHY bg|4G5n","X)(S&@Vq2b~߿\.??a߿,h??4D_ Q);M_>m w =_H'+fs k}bk_J?3UF𬿒w#MB ]{ao@set@BS,?pE#$ %$&'UFDfP h>$/T 6D UUF~@xT E=R3]AUF~? ?F\.]?P6  ^bj4u`l?MuXBAE >XzE($*$& *JUF F(??FbXD%M% NT!ajaTajOrk&#)l~02-#5 L@"֒-#}145 ?`?CopyrigTtk(c)k2003kM0c0os0f21r01a0i0n.k Al0 8s2e*0e0v@d0+/`V0s__SF.0hm!#52071tw7 %CK0OEKC9lM3 7?M:$ b$&:%&C?LhML@l> xAUhh EG1Z2G0 *Ra#JZ-$#*/' bM78:-$ P),#@"2an5>k]{a_`.e>n9 YokmQ.eE2_eRrA ZLrRs"78$e q(bU]ISYvv!?$*oeqMRoSTYj3:5ELh^0 #UZ2#4n5tǏЏ $%mxhe{+RTMʔ:2lln2J7~4}1!>#  IPcB`1s0+pB`IQ":5A !GDu:;n5AOaHQB2` RBocB$@~:5RA!;MJkЁ?bG#%C % p&2pB1Lr?b b5zEe)P@% gHn5#5";:278,Ls&@!Rb~߿\.??a߿,h??4D ~&8J\j oHu+`t Χe YHpWF,[#cB |a6 baWo@_DoÄܶ_%@BS|/ aUFDfP h>$/T 6D UUF~@xJ*  zvDrag onut hep adn"y aWex.opPB B)xih8_jussDB w,dI5f? b~߿?a? 4HDB D# ?hZ8>T E=R3fAUF~? JQ6  Bb >9A:A`r|Ao@u`l?aD:\puh +b% & !ՄJ7U5 Б>>>L/ @B9Mo?@a%ޤ%?UP6 %un `%-($5>M}"# `.&T1M"37}l&$"đ"6$MH@"b##6# AD5 `?CopyrigTtk(wc)k20L@3kM8@c6@o%s0@f>B/Ar2@kAua>@i0@n.k_ Al@ 6HUsBe^@e6@v@d~@ /`V8@s_SFB~@cTm!/#5LB24"$"K6)MC MG?@*" 1*" &!%G C0 5&6/; ql>fQUhhIUG'Au6 Rabe`JT|SFCf H3bf (Q#bMx(4=dMo_aVfne5nogiae5eDfH_o'{2=o;RrA rVs$"q(b@U5]!@E| BAgi9$" Mn /1C]t[g"3n{%(򏪏e5Cg"#fj[J8bA@ju^@?Aw8@d>@hkaAAb0@xkt0@ Ba|@g@Apt@sAgrBpВɗABޒ'Bh@9GaAaD@cjBd8@t@xJ>@.0dAby=] M?&d2alC@ͭjVs$2@W23B37 T1> 1^Q !0==62BTfw4IUe1y Iԇ?yѥgheϿ7BRTA13x(ZsTl&@ERH+? qgvaDL "F&&#1(B )aL߃e*hy@$i1a UFDfP h>$/T 6D UUF~@xh <JT$  *GN#MU@~?M&d2?F\.?Hu `u`bu`+u -!2-N@.>MM!u` ?`>2 AhuAʳ"TDgbV#]& ]!kLJU@`0 @%k&jj&j't72?#5 :?Y?$5"U GW" b>>FZVթ=Qj ru`%-BOm%)OEuu"$F6#`Q(-DT!? K gFD C@iu"(R7=$^Lgf ZV֖#QT7[(`?Copyrig\t (c)P2U0P3PMPcPosPfRQrԮPQaPiPn}.P Al`U XsbePePv`dP^ /`VPs_SFBPc\m.#5T0(a餥k5l$S W?:k$_$ "'B 3tNsg'BI lWS3/aVf&1_9F`K,JUp@QHR0P2(#Fp8Fп @*A%)?#$%"0z U '"(N3 "83}ww(Jz2N5tD"H$z:O{ h*  u"mRMU2uuZu-C2qm$}V$ііRM#ޏ%ʕ #HqAAtXt07 5{yv`t~Οr*B@k"x"NBC" \HHqUį֯诲}et#"1@5 ?#40-B : DsXW!m PpmϨ9^QTMT"( TWc3]&1rGMAN 7uŅt#uŃxa`A$`juPQXPPRiV R ;`hPp`XdmUU+-A"P2T@u}bUd# 9 b`Q1^ b`2ယ5!dD.Y-5AAS X@ RbotcbXd@ߐ'9ة(kcTY_8#-c %:&RYrRb ee֑kRMӳyEg4U̾# 5!3א18u&@dvcH'3 o, _NgbF, %0w"#\BG2ݸB ד]aă3@+𬷌允DaD +Ɂ:UFDfP h>$KT 6D U?~@xTA$#3 A FAU@bX?\.uP6 u `u bA@Wu  ):/*PAh@u ` ?hjt~uJKaJU @)-?nDxK'$nU-t'(2rq?@I ?$v%? @ j 2*ALA- br@ #l 2m<2u.  228F 2u9hLH/MR#AD5 /`Vis_SFB.cTm!#w50S@28%`?CopyL0igTt (G@)x@2SB3x@M9@c:L0o;@ofvBgArj@Aav@ih@nE@ x@Al@ nHsBe;@eL0v"@dE@\@BF0ƿ  A G?9#C G,03A0E+4z'e8&g_K8 @?lUh5 _AY+J4$NIe14bC2$4hb(Be [kT ljaiA eE9 ]UjTg'2"q)V!TQQ!E m&pO2WB81e$N diIghekTA"t (1ap&@DQRHu򎉾 ^ 1_L0F:#\8do@{+coPU !"t4:E/ @S|%&@ QBC-C AU !"#t4:E/ @S|%&@ DR[C}C-lr7 "A"$t4:E/ @S|%&@ ]C A>-<7AU !"%t4:E/ @S|%&@ RD}C-d*7 "A"&t4:E/ @S|%&@ ]vD AJ-37@ԼCIR@ tCJR@DCIR@|,DJR@DDRH<(H<(H<(H<(H<(E$ZE RE\gE REtE RE̾E REE R(<S6%B!*&,"t/S `:S4[Bt?𜼒DP콒ETnK5 )@2?U7@g( "`*^p?( 4 ]H #5GYk} C:\Progam FilesMcsftOfe 1}2103.\AR6OWS_.V>S]H7"4FXj| D C:\Progam FilesMcsftOfe 1}2103.\BAKGR_.7VSH]H"4FXj|D C:\Progam FilesMcsftOfe 1}2103.\BASuL _.V8S]H"4FXj|D C:\Progam FilesMcsfUtOfe 12103.\B RDE8_.oVSHն(k*FUC!PG/l=/H~/<;IPJU,`0)@2U7@ LFDNTyB@ uh$TB UF:E/ @FS|%&@Fx)՜7e>?܃?a#+=[גQUe4@U U䶫@@x?@"_D"?U4]5LR[{XRcù/3T63іST6S+&8J\n߀ߒ߶#O_=__Fw___ /BTfxp6-?FqCuV23?'bj'鿡ÏՏ!ޑ////~o??ſ;?%_CT8ѶaJIf8x?;˨Bs2QTQ ?}}Ӑ}lӮl99l6HO"O4OFOXOjO|OOOOOOOO __0_A?f_/?w?_e?/__oo??botooo?H-!Ъc2}E OOyܾ!_VTzRg____(D]]_dPoao&O+O=O T!3I$)ZlVEWD0BHER0MqBRŒOFtqΟO(:^_򹯊ﯕ)1$Z?Qcua4a CfA mЩ/]2v@@IE @@@nvڿ^1@<69u)`u`H9Ka d;'9 )׶8em???F_1`rEOWLjO|O|ߠOBd?(X"/I6e/_oqoB?of?z5[+?"???X? O|?d({%T_?%#yO1a!x;4t;CU;sq4{sUpMSTpyQIrDihGS)IHXS'' 2qE!)" V0T/Tx߯ա>Ϗk8nǏ/o);M_qybFh4?@*J_R)?YaIS2Bú!\؆B4Bm@c]YW?@F.P錕1DVOO˟Q //./@/R/d/NagzVO8-Z9{%liH.%'4MlMO%؏E-ϥOEWiOOUUU!_3_utQYV^[AP!URPVL+GPUAPTR oTJmPUCbP bPO+AuPEPDYToP______oo&o8oJo\oooobuocu}o<&I[trъr%~79?z5rOO9BXO%Ů?_Yu///ϳπr϶Ir*$6l~ߐߢߴ 2/Vhz8K9=Nt{8t~1SaaCkhuOWCUq/*uiu 𿊆?FUFUR 3fAuSs"B/VH/VCbb&56H`r)b>!2oDoVoho zooooojxS_kxK_o_./@/R/d&$6/, //?d=O`I=-DV)I4ϖ Vb'UASOD Es#CGQ.e_XT__UaQUR#`S#`A`CcU =E`I`S'`d`.=Oas迗y?b@ڏ"4Q B!!zŸԟ.@Rdv/ЯeS<N`r/̿޿&8S\nπϽ/1?g'Uj?$6HQ?T E?/!/߭UO-KQ[mE` eP`N%`ST` T `aEbC`MPEbQ3Q^/ 1C}>D?@fl6?@?p8UPcxL!`?66Wb\HiAvfiA)6fa"4FXj3O 'OB%x7OAǏeRO>/P/_t///A3e??w-4]v?T_MP~3埄 s!9P>?ɟ.%rvocmXbbt?#f;Y?Yo4OϏYOkO OOMQ(UOfOEj iQEQGNVRCQDBHBCV}EWBl$U?FZZ;[Qk>gx`%"8VKevu.߶U&0Q{QQ0\KMQ#U%5U7^iϟg@Zq]:dFV7F@FRng$@@L&d2ɿF[տmuſy@mA8@mu``u``㪾ax$W]@8?B $@[l̈$@zpC@w`@z3b !#{QKr[a pGA%e}o`1e.a@q>lS`n3%p3%.auWls%3agg tNP`zs.B G=UJ@2r~r?@I+?kKu<@{U'xk?B{QRG$_DžMϝrmr'cU@,\ U@l`x-n3=Oas0Q(aJ|%'9K]3<}"l?F%@o~[5ɐ?[@ZO"n| "G=6?J\(ae@GG{AhF OgO (a) V'b= VL^pYf5@`o5T(c4F:kaj|@[͹\/(/:/L/^/p)#ݱ,&3#G :o (wݵ%@,ws' E%}.9U,.b/I?@gx {@@~?@*r?5۠?[cA)SOrRB\:Fq &A7O_27Qk-.s^S\_B3 ܃Q}űUI@(?ʏ`X,h$/sZۄm$(:y+GsArRAPR==.nh̟A} rRTZuqa%'܃uq@ށM^La{P@å6گd NE$6Y"cQks rRqA/AASxa;U8HÇށo~?)b?/p&5tvAP_ROVLGANED%0 i4rQHǛbfށsXy'2Rq!iVvgeQ!݂u ;UePRPaqt#bb/GozoɯiToWW{ejXڅjik^%?Q!⁀/$///// ??uǩg6@@~|G @@p8kpڿʂv=2up`u5??߀U5;'0@@gs 0p`kuf7e7zp+>EGQBPD4t#E}OOOOOrR7YD_V_hYupX;QS  4/ 0/wXt_Yaj``0____K[o*o =[Peasbb_o7o$7?oF9j|Vy91E3EWi{ @@FDz^@mP׿iTݿ@tR,>D}@Zlyb@@!&P19A91 l f-gpr###ܑ +1aĵo pQrr-Ns(S j (:L^p߂ߔߦ߸!j!ȥikHimzş%T 5NB˱˱n5TםJJN9XcURpSpAC EGIN Qgyߋ ןH9Pk8 ĥͥNqqmP@}cu鹿l-Q(ަ0N@íd6MV$05|̦$($4hANO4jOOOOO_#_5_/9F4%1>T@@L&d2?Fh6f啿AIՌ]rA__ꫭؿ Ju@/?qWp`dcco'cN1i5'Gdq%V&U/oos"4|N3M1o|sxsqyT@]8T 1Pb(M 1$߃Ϗ6 <咟$6왉nFPU +V0'I7)@@V@w' @@oZV @@Xٿ'd?@2bdu`uPQ;P~U7F@@;'æ`b??~ ?"Iqa9" #lf>$gO$# vk/ !9u^vJ]/////,qa(OR3!?3?E?W?~41t8j3q?@``6????Tqa@OO0qa>EQ,KGzQ$ŁOOGOЗhBEk)e$ 2dOO_!_3_EXcT_gu________9Tᑏ?Aҏh,c>OPObOtOO̟Pbtɧۯ#5GYk8?ƶ@ D" R|а¿ԿaTV%]?D?9uj@Ҝ9)gO$*(+$6ܜA+&v3+&l~ߐߢh5PmߣP50(:TRdZ= ?6HZl~ɧE -?Qyb@FK :LҞcS–HU@?۪ޏ1HV ,QV_P@҂AiMgć1nfomo /6܂A'Cv\bvR/d/v//%,Qއ1/ߌuU//? ?TA8?J?@Ap????????vO.O@OROdOjL,ShAɡ@@CmI Q,(AeEɡAe4YV7F@@gx {@@|?@rV6?;C{HbESoB@Z֜L  Òa@odAr=qE-dsbSteyO@t:N?@W,WbnwzBm .@+MVrnDҿG!fķZa+@G⣪ॉSA&VfT-ŀ<ϽEd@TK*<؂A؃W qyߋֺ#s͢ Q#5GGAu8Nh\?o~?/?h)XVT|A}PLIC]T ONàRpUFpRDàTSpAC@ RpT@ SàCUMUITpE@ i TSNUl䡔yX'2rqov|iRkqA鬕 AuVrVKaChOgiotޏ]ߝ ؞E Arl+Tr󋟝ӟ |ߵm@@_;E9Nӿt?@K(#/%]o)s&"b&bү,>{s=+@`0 ?@O|>\3c5bٿ??i{ύϟ³6<߶W(,O'(9_@;KU@&n%_2-Ӵ_:&ߚ_#AO+O=OTrr AX]RpA`BTfx,OPbtOE#^ X){Y\C@apyGwa%oUVq?bTsqy1a'ae)sk#F6'@@1^~؆ @F@ @@m ȿK*!u`uVp`A@6Ju `uY! w`V7F@@_ @@,.b/I. %bQ# @ )"pWoQ1`w@z3]bͮyA@yr? 2-pyANѯM_%'/ 1%^!߁n,.(3OU@x ĺ@@ J?@bX,@~_@ 45IOON78G P,?@,.b/I?@ր{G,*T@>ѱճۏLFĂTGX4GO"4.#վBՎei<@[G=7(-?Qc&VX)t6]TtmтuMQ-3r8?KWs#U/%/7.m"b%<7~l6amv!f5~5w#Unu>Y/k/}/// (#(P/L3Á'Q!Qo#"{ǁ'Q;Qat7(u(u8%t9'Oߴ)C\"@@pv?@BOP(iД嚕!Uk]rHRfu5V_fr򒧁Q8%-֙fsS_(sQe+_=PG il qtQ(uʊmX֗Q'24bqVpSG` Uev8"jxpJ^k89^mY4l~$`+frA8"bn{ǿѣƂ幂KAPLICTONQSZPBMT|EDQT XRAT SQCMEQ(ec.QN S6@ cE.@ϦtaL58 2?b?Á#QGR!W(7@H[Ubt^U,}4}vv#`qb8Q.@f8ﳐ2;-9Pb-8%dG꫐v~b,֒s-e!/d//?=ҽߡWT=!t?U@۳U@@=d9W @@?@h4F)$ Z`????KДCM_;E@˪t!4G qEOxOB푓IN,I@n'DÁkE&// ____V q^ÁkeyYHx1oCoUo_/_A_S_e[toT푽ooaMer!Z~~Y3б_c^ 0B߸% oøQ!G_&1,fWAxY y{EQB;;:X5a|;q???'OTS?OQOSwOOꏭOO~Oz/ 8&S_ӯX %!3EW#Qs@@/:$@@0srݹp`LP?4p3͜zfjzh0 ^ @@ nqA%UFTO XjsLF@GUOBjOO 2D ByP!yXrr`5$6HTQ`rmQ/A/Dv5I//////(IJ0-;҃3o3k>ϲ89,7D?@{ !?@ceE&89vfub\u+aA߮!j(Odk)3_j|U!&8J=ٹ~JjIFCtW Oi S WBMTy NUOPuEe C_MYLPO ]E"EWRHA՟Ï)_cU yUFQ,Q?????FO3?Mfn@E`q`"_Zy\ѵ\#kφά\lϿῬ?E.`m"ϦdGf`rYYbvoCxatՕ%K"1@@xƁSF@@RT*@.b+n @@>!*<aEj{E!o/,aC=#L/^/p//%'(3!/Yt:N7@@v1//??+?O?a7ao??!a?7I[mO%ObX,_Oc McնOOU2U U!"#&'t4 :E/ @S|%C&@ +C-aU37 A@=ORH<(E< R\tEJ?@?\.PDˊ.PU1( UO"D&aUAUNj )h"T} +U- \ |ɉAB- -H*=(Xi{PE//,/feArial UncodeMiS6?/?`4 R$fSymbol$67fWingds*7 fEArial"z@D/ R$fGSwimun{a (  R$fGPMingLU{a (  R$fGMS PGothic{a (  R$fGDotum|"{a (  R$fESylaen  $fEstrangeloU dsa@`9$fGVrinda{ (  R$fEShrut1i$&<fEM_angl$$%>fETungaH"@&>fGSendya{ (  R$fERavi"&5<fGDhenu|"{a (  R$fELath#&<fEGautmi &<fGCordia New{ (  R$fGMS Farsi{{ ( _ R$fGulim"{a (  R$fETimes NwRoanz@D$LC EBCQ.B9BDKw&BK'B4LďCBL>B$ME8BM}GBGuideTheDocPage-1"Gestur Fom aProcesSchemN aViso 90Flow NrmaVi}so 0Co}nectrViso 01Viso 02Viso 03Viso 10Vi}so 1Viso 12Viso 13Viso 20Viso 21Vi}so 2Viso 23Viso 50Viso 51Viso 52Viso 53Viso 70Viso 80Flow MarkeFlow GrayLocalRw0CostDurationResour cRow_1visVerionDecison$Auto-heigt bx&Contrl asf e(Dynamic onetrDecison.37x(,,3DE3\G3tG3Ғ%G3G3DyG3dy*G3yCG3ybG3y{G3yG3zG3$zǓG3DzG3dzG3zG3z+G3zDG3z]G3{vG3${G3D{G3d{G3{ڔG3{G3{ G3{%G3|>!G3$|_G3D|{G3E3d|G3|G3ؕE3|G3|G3'G3E&G3k)G3|G3DA3LA3TA3\A  !"#$%&'()*+UbU U UUUt4:E/ @S|%C&@ dNC-tnU7 A%t4 n_V A-`7AJ@$OR@"b6RH<(H<(JET$Ɯ RE"Ӝ R{ * g"4FX?,0e(ti@(TYĞ$ڴX!y ՋuB_,T UP dxw`.1*6}<́ CT]u@'FR$|K!𥴡ד)쾡Ie'$h1iluĖP2 Öz? *'"DH%a! lclapsonMicrosoft Visio@P0|՜.+,D՜.+, `ht  H$Queen Margaret University College Page-1NProcess DecisionTENAuto-height boxControl transfersitDynamic connectorit PagesMasters(`ht_PID_LINKBASE_VPID_ALTERNATENAMESAOh+'0 ,8 X d p |Revised Ethics procedureshZV`f;ĊJʊ:,-5)KYJӓVVSJKSfVdiet]wYiw[k^߾D !Ct5Z.1$1B]~r .V[U:*l=%+3V`$u2'@YQ@Xu{Ѳ\Ɉ1u4b|CVй q0ӐOg93m3o[c . E3[BP vY鳯~x,q(qw7M4?%Ib+U9#~I؛$KNjͼ>6!NjvKZKQby/;x Q>}"unϝg_g̵r) @߸ݹ@_Ғ^ZBq'K1P:9]'JYZ}:yqlpu7OiЧ@Xg:U#e"|8\Ib%nR)ѼUMoE[aIDs$+t$H3Ahyh@d{m(oy{>*~4hTָѾiov`aڕB_ wae{bBGĂvWF)$_?%\Q ]쉦Ԃ%bhֺڅo68?O,_Vgv_ҿXRK]8`^Ix<Ҿl|H kδﵴljqk&$5{|ܰ6`Y f<@T@v@ 91X$+F6Lqld#Xzh4SXJ )<#b=g$(OTxCU0Ǐ2L?x'p`!]"G-鸀>t>kQ.~a¤}; ^+2|mgA,1cDDDH^qcnVh4]y 7H4Tc%מ&Ѹ,;>)@'nB~7v? P }s67q˨Mv _s-N.h^*-x&#nwRdG7'&8 ־~_ 1X wh A S!aM0k܇tl7gcj%~p 2[Q$Nk؎TL]mW@׊ >-#~#zѻ2٭+oQG|V;|qQLv$H4_$X$G2]wb}s…x MXf[sm#d$\MCI$+O_!2Wͪ<*onhg]OΎx|={-@_Oh'}ZepY_yru~=t+!r?mK Hl pRO Yqm$B崆V?:HscYf&=~>Bwl 䖫C#pE+>{ #a /Ťj4 %^Py l\-%tC8iDqCOQm [`"O@W UۡHi >|KCcv8J;^{bC[͜U=gtÓ6l12^Dܳ~wDUIRT =AWBU]`k?SOѾz-Fhǁb- YǁX1y!Oiݸpo 4Oh,hwFx1y?L~*!W'U z'> L7qTD,u@理k ݗ|Gwz0HxH}Cr?㸧P!pkSMM6q-^%Q*‰-<~AD bOB BbxnuZ}N u>V;?]ymr 똌K#Nk؜b2ZPڛ?g^}3ls77l[{ɓ>-D[?0eSp xPߡpbfFUnDl4{H4J<ť柫p:hυS?+<>:p ^N۵Б+' .c@{qi;ۡXcl>s?)^0婈scC۳{:xWD$U9C=%-y 1^$VTLh7[by#9V#Ϙ얠q@%8[}5Ez0&հe𴥱7;}W<1 ϊ6n11x _%In;V;W(_HHLk$V\=M N|z̥Sr|-> Dڱʶon$x 0B4A~2EmNx,"ѸTc<׸։Oq p|3Aov@ohKpMa-}d}rNhc ~tŐ`˖|<%'smal_|l,*{e'0ɲ7x 4ZC \^.sBRoMZa|`n |5QPISuRU#Rb ׋TT/$v$D _phFU^sĊg+|xW.G$:$]]_< |yb#GNkI l!g5y ]G۩ccF@:5~hx><Ő'{dT/ѿF=sHSU3%F֧ )pf Җ]3OV;}5Yl W!Ak:}啀"Åm,})׻c<,Ƿh<]y2 ˔$!Kg`7mcߜ|T[m;\Seڙ!q:;xmK6vm<|!9WǖXGQ٫u=㈟̲7x\i>09}ph`&RoU:oha87Zwx7A G"l7bboLTy ޙ_%$xX68F pPb%SoUp %Fr-Yp ^iztZKVg\7pMr}oTƙ>veBכ8C m򎻬 [kF.e p~`w~wKNo0^o=WS$1 ! 08ycs,|ɗMZܐB?Cu'pmCyyg#pF{z? d5<ּ-v6y79]{Ī''&Q40toAB : mc։"jo@ .Ղlea8vC^Dqf0b@3Mw3gSp""xOv9~WJ Z |1VoڦA}v{lعES/tg0qoZ"~C:{^(X[4sK qm~~kkXں902 繬u`ɚi 8wZ0iث HVm9W< j_彏ʉxjzq["|mW8z1ݪv(r+#딱 <κ]~| ΀Â8AI^ǵzlZYf J8_] r,3\hnTY߁t{D=KtcMB9nLnn$\n$-?S}_Yյ)Ѿz*F?*.Unޮ7WoW ,:][Vؿ `n i+p)')z7˄sWKrKs}^n>G]|B汴Ϳ7iEa~Ioy4mPg޾)x! ɗMb.? -?T}x>Fz/Iǘmw@}3]U͚l31K̗ z.i%<*'poqXkW-Noh!ѸR!x/((( W.~^>} 8gھ}ws1l<^8bӅz~Ki 5Y/4` Aal'&Yʟ (۟Nܮp9n s(-<ʱ<]>WA(>FStK4 h4utTss!|y,{AU :ߞt,k=bvOl Ay+$L/?[Bk rȥ0\x jQs?e^#wmMBbeNDgB ᆵo{:}߳Ai9$d4V,Egܡnqzlji%yg3]_ܖ%wpqJmr\R%DZqWۘ Qcp#0jj-ɞɯ6c^o/c/;, ҕs|iC>}s>s '2c+?rmYQ9ag!|Ɲ}*qk-ɟ$>֞\#e>p36Hpm쀐 C?*%X XYsܩ[,5g`\\"hm$L^\MF}J4E"{#UP}b).g6>9qaȲ;G9ot7lw (rIy^G1&-~s.Sx͌UO%o9ꙉkh(4U1VJ%QA@yχ]9?Ǵ@ra3W|N,3ۭm;oKvɺ}mx <'!}m3#˾vNTtYg)\T(Q܍giifwώ>~  7.ON~+Z>a[7NzŐ`8=k*/cxӋelrf}(`^(Hg9:`,pNVqnkAچe=aG3F@c **ȥMŠB}&(޷ wm Yk@ =_(46/}ww)}[Lh>{d?{-X%+=R|gvSG?pD[KXɥ_[m}:B[> @u}qBM5:n]1$&kAqQ萐3;}7pL.jv"P zԩskWZפ?҉SX]ol|#Qq{7ȥZo*А_|7!UΗ / YM< N6exgۼ5b7f&}JOxhL=UL%3.\'u Oc9@Ym^(^(g(W$MXwgLݴPb$}̵稀o ǴBzNsȕ^b{@ }cKkGmIL}ux6uŠC 0!kylֹM;Ȳ#v>}G;p Kq'|[Ӈ|AUȆc.*beNDS!2o3}L=^ۂH7TZsH"}yB !)WyL~c4l:@'Ct@jse"M2yE$"l1mԵk( o 3 ^ F JLp@Վ41皛g[t,k_16G{xL_ڪD^3r̪D5H($Rc+>^<ɩ G^|DϵْkG:;$W- ,k_1>> y$7k?7y^;Wyx9ct&屄c0Pܦ߷p`o]Dž4 \xl +L=}†5Qi4 <4)kҤS'ќ|:!=qO#9j;Ɨ|NH۠Z%o~o:&aՍLd|O{ ? T<}ӆNW1wXȌҶCku- `Y׉{}Mh%t AwCŚ(̴%; lhW8;ٳ?y5 i:sĞQP%OD&=4 ?ùGY׳k|mPiR cqX{:/r!|ywz&\k4Yb9'NKyxa| ` \qe5؞yݎkrmCgr a?]Q3N>=)Km;0i_'`)~} yoSnjBQ5/GE5vD<9D;0@{39 |ΰjn! 9÷ Cu'{IG9s; I'hyT[,D1 ,(3S^*ςB/~p9 /TxDYP֋}t;a COaics_ Y˦e꘴q t+Ԙuhdx6+)iPqp[6?=8**g${>«!3$_.Ϭ #&M'Ty a؍U.Ded;\sg`S(GбoN+~樓oLԟ 7fB,߰O9ju0z7q?S CC*}4.6 d]c8hd̼NfP?>:׆Q?"//c6'8_"U_N:"ܼZ-n\똂)c'qqͱd~`he8`.O.:Y onxS O'b?>W7 H|h Ax&nدO쫅BYwqO9te`>"睇 3r#_@bƾ`Z®9]~1Tk u徘\q_\qB35gFq) 9ù~ԐqL y WTi,"1 KAe|+ŕk$r gc$ ;[Ho?W͂m<'}-<wRIW> "xh&(lW>[bEK:,G?K WBނ\qU_*A:ȃؓ.4zvNs }DWLydk;` qwC2O=voN[tmF|V9;/E?rݡ+F)LK* _T'K4qJHYS% /mDb%T_/(X4AKLMyZ#:V8O.p̀ mBȥX۟h3.7LkuZxxZ$kGAu^7g[KQmGwGK4_G^6LJ^pz9:x= Ry@e22nͅpy{(~߈ur乏;Rq6-.1Ʊi0>x=@eL8{վFs*as 0B8ѼW[؏LYG߇~<yt3}7c^qzq4.NDgBl-o?[{Z62_"9?wݑIƱe=f cv(wޟ;Z!:*Gl̦_͜qj}mc6 ;DneK;іg>x$= =aotu@v'5eI%_tHblYgA8bLm)S9Cn<5[r‡Cr!  KZe=@eR8 %v~3cpV9D tEC輗b}@vԱJZ؏pcCP"7c`Yqwӵk% OZA}^ahR1 qtqgEs1vm V*VtZЃc pls3170vؔ3pqCԱ%~| $>ʰ0={}!!ʳ5߳R<#efBm:G;tO-\p? u#,\C菒p0I F}9]'m OdXgqށ$χ&JC#sR T;\̿Q|St}mdAϱ5evbK_]g7sӯF}g̓D6/b->X܈yMD|3 ݡcsiF,u⏌u>Õߨ`g~l9?Shg7X8ga5 -|]N ҇ql!}w+8sCz g77ڟRgKo_$YގuBP"G)ь+.R/9Y0zBcocؿz0 c11\^| H%OC}s?8Ps!=WN R/X KksąP߽h037ܪMl<ū.(wĦwPX,> @菡Ɗݑoڦڢظ[%a/ vыjNV@J \E&G}D)zLմ|1lx2lop.vVMȎ`^e;-@=u\8xL_}|)`<jcc0]Bv^1md8V9ۤN9~igeX 7stO:\F*7NީIsg]l-% ^ګϏJ7UI`ӥڢ7 `>أqd^s.ϕd]l1Rg#|}ܔG7UuWZG:9yir+Һ-LpQ؂>/"7T-w9Q.&k:'*v_whswʧ|0Nfs_^/. @Yv;RGw#s̶-V~7sOE 2vhHlKv w%n#>:ؾ=+9l>8tVO$?kەd[`v Zm==[~]\>=8 ̫3pw@>/y(qЫ{A惌{ DE 2Odd(qpOs8H{2W d_$7^} ~e.vOO&kw?׮lRl>S|-A>c\Ox=9@* `[& E{-wF1WM 7agq OAnyz9c獛 (yUhH'tmJ'*~oI]uI!vX`Q*j1r͆^HE"}Iogc[yko{:- CY;*zpc"_L ,:M[\]6^6]هvl~g.@^Cp*k/{tr]ПE|VyG5mYwoαʯ!|F'.5p;^äNr߫T=]pT790ۢ9# $s'hxPX+g]lsƄTY,!%h5 Ra.cX}hw9ƳRaG5ˊtS$$If!vh#v #v::V lj$5 5:4ytY)S$$If!vh#v #v::V lj$5 5:4ytY)S$$If!vh#v #v::V lj$5 5:4ytY)S$$If!vh#v #v::V lj$5 5:4ytY)S$$If!vh#v #v::V lj$5 5:4ytY)S$$If!vh#v #v::V lj$5 5:4ytY)S$$If!vh#v #v::V lj$5 5:4ytY)S$$If!vh#v #v::V lj$5 5:4ytY)S$$If!vh#v #v::V lj$5 5:4ytY)KADd'"d  C 2Aqmulogo_mono"`R@C?Fڭny)aYo@L3Fg@C?Fڭny)aYJFIF,,ExifMM*bj(1r2i,,Adobe Photoshop CS Macintosh2007:01:15 10:07:11'&(.HHJFIFHH Adobe_CMAdobed            ^" ?   3!1AQa"q2B#$Rb34rC%Scs5&DTdE£t6UeuF'Vfv7GWgw5!1AQaq"2B#R3$brCScs4%&5DTdEU6teuFVfv'7GWgw ?*iM,mUT` kZѵck4IJI$RI$YbۯɴSS^Mm oKV~T3@uVӉ]U,p.f3,.nʽ?oVzӗ,?%zUK~5;s l\2~goSGѺ32+vuknKAl67S쾭(95MUt6E,ˬmqcCueMeb{70qrv>.ƸZ[gG?U{,{+}ZwP/-Y]u{qɏLޥ/o?'Sz5t7-]un,}^5A~#,mTNEO沋k3\^/43'M7WEC^vz6ool~ӝ{:ZM^ mnK1F~oHN}k" s6}n."k~uu[W̊v=3Qg1r/3\\X 8imމfKVlx_xUT8*cSI$$I)I$JTI%)$IJI$SWa;dޛe;A޾rY>uާp}/⳾)5Ͽ+0総%󒞱5>nʱW?nc5=N]:5/ɢἚ-c*yqwz7mg2rVZ:q1f5d;3&=Vꮷn*_VfMY2XEtQ pۑ{u>~ϡz1:n8UqUmS8a%)$IJI$RI$TI%)$IJI$RI$jsmVm{{\5y7=SݙdԒK,pdOumE}d/\I%>cSc.wKw?N'sj?}#+{E7`3E40=mVZͫ$$I)I$JRI$I$zn{욲ç9"h{[߭?#ݗU]6z5 bj{]t]n^v%KWi~mY(pk7Qs65u9TCxc+Ik1FNWJƻΗfn{-ޥ}_!?.^ɫԱ%1#m3̋2nqㅑsﮧueji6McFN^.2+nGkme>6]+ m~.# ?u!ޮ[eRޭY? c2r*{]Z\~eE~U~SMY&߄} ::m6ƒxؗ2l+sfC_LZc%yZd1nDSgӥE 峨?Ow|7-[-}VqmdWr2ǵYY-Nщn^+skh7d7"efG8.qZzis0]Uvהovk({}ѵVMRћHn +wٻw_7?bU[+T}o$fݖ3loڽB/N~SpIkwN6Z~}T]WV}_ހn093\.nMA+[?GU6~̟:pq:WNsĝی@&cVC?(g꾝z-u[6ӏozmųoƳ=z}47clvFҬ,e 4^f1vuワ_K=K?Jjxee^)}yw3ĸ[ұC~OEUտVۍٳuW8oOv74{.}Cv-6}k/^Jj}i}ç {moԨ*}vXz&`|; 1Qϭ,RzNs?Vel^ü=Ͱ:6ڮmՖX˫ZdzzzeӜ)e Ie71UUg+IM.I'gLK2$km]ޏ>IkСVkovWJfn\Ck֨lgb7*CKYvU?I^&#ute?Ћ̹[Zߟv{)׭ɼ27v3o hYc"akqٓ=_K*-`tu\\,|n`oe63c몊ﹻ-/Z||{۪euΡ^8;c>޷[ 8tnUWF UFZimkW}~̳oINOX빸eQSՇ˯AeU}UfNK*ԣգ.nؓmض wW}vWk}CB#gkwvzsC5aª۫mnW~WO䞟`9wos[m5~]7d=1_NS_JTI%)$IJI$Rs[ nlĉϬmg!K;O/zꮩuXsqUm̱9WG_J{M͘<%LW!M?K ky<݇܏+?L6:MMfE{-&ENEm6z-^J{>inl"Op4=s_nƽwN߳ߧoOSjX`kKCw>6-~nuvG}YWcQIOynvα מ)mzSEٳʼm| :쟧}>WͮꞋۮnMv/J{I%)$IJI$S4,Photoshop 3.08BIM8BIM%F &Vڰw8BIM com.apple.print.PageFormat.PMHorizontalRes com.apple.print.ticket.creator com.apple.printingmanager com.apple.print.ticket.itemArray com.apple.print.PageFormat.PMHorizontalRes 72 com.apple.print.ticket.client com.apple.printingmanager com.apple.print.ticket.modDate 2007-01-09T11:07:02Z com.apple.print.ticket.stateFlag 0 com.apple.print.PageFormat.PMOrientation com.apple.print.ticket.creator com.apple.printingmanager com.apple.print.ticket.itemArray com.apple.print.PageFormat.PMOrientation 1 com.apple.print.ticket.client com.apple.printingmanager com.apple.print.ticket.modDate 2007-01-09T11:07:02Z com.apple.print.ticket.stateFlag 0 com.apple.print.PageFormat.PMScaling com.apple.print.ticket.creator com.apple.printingmanager com.apple.print.ticket.itemArray com.apple.print.PageFormat.PMScaling 1 com.apple.print.ticket.client com.apple.printingmanager com.apple.print.ticket.modDate 2007-01-09T11:07:02Z com.apple.print.ticket.stateFlag 0 com.apple.print.PageFormat.PMVerticalRes com.apple.print.ticket.creator com.apple.printingmanager com.apple.print.ticket.itemArray com.apple.print.PageFormat.PMVerticalRes 72 com.apple.print.ticket.client com.apple.printingmanager com.apple.print.ticket.modDate 2007-01-09T11:07:02Z com.apple.print.ticket.stateFlag 0 com.apple.print.PageFormat.PMVerticalScaling com.apple.print.ticket.creator com.apple.printingmanager com.apple.print.ticket.itemArray com.apple.print.PageFormat.PMVerticalScaling 1 com.apple.print.ticket.client com.apple.printingmanager com.apple.print.ticket.modDate 2007-01-09T11:07:02Z com.apple.print.ticket.stateFlag 0 com.apple.print.subTicket.paper_info_ticket com.apple.print.PageFormat.PMAdjustedPageRect com.apple.print.ticket.creator com.apple.printingmanager com.apple.print.ticket.itemArray com.apple.print.PageFormat.PMAdjustedPageRect 0.0 0.0 783 559 com.apple.print.ticket.client com.apple.printingmanager com.apple.print.ticket.modDate 2007-01-15T10:06:30Z com.apple.print.ticket.stateFlag 0 com.apple.print.PageFormat.PMAdjustedPaperRect com.apple.print.ticket.creator com.apple.printingmanager com.apple.print.ticket.itemArray com.apple.print.PageFormat.PMAdjustedPaperRect -18 -18 824 577 com.apple.print.ticket.client com.apple.printingmanager com.apple.print.ticket.modDate 2007-01-15T10:06:30Z com.apple.print.ticket.stateFlag 0 com.apple.print.PaperInfo.PMPaperName com.apple.print.ticket.creator com.apple.print.pm.PostScript com.apple.print.ticket.itemArray com.apple.print.PaperInfo.PMPaperName iso-a4 com.apple.print.ticket.client com.apple.print.pm.PostScript com.apple.print.ticket.modDate 2003-07-01T17:49:36Z com.apple.print.ticket.stateFlag 1 com.apple.print.PaperInfo.PMUnadjustedPageRect com.apple.print.ticket.creator com.apple.print.pm.PostScript com.apple.print.ticket.itemArray com.apple.print.PaperInfo.PMUnadjustedPageRect 0.0 0.0 783 559 com.apple.print.ticket.client com.apple.printingmanager com.apple.print.ticket.modDate 2007-01-09T11:07:02Z com.apple.print.ticket.stateFlag 0 com.apple.print.PaperInfo.PMUnadjustedPaperRect com.apple.print.ticket.creator com.apple.print.pm.PostScript com.apple.print.ticket.itemArray com.apple.print.PaperInfo.PMUnadjustedPaperRect -18 -18 824 577 com.apple.print.ticket.client com.apple.printingmanager com.apple.print.ticket.modDate 2007-01-09T11:07:02Z com.apple.print.ticket.stateFlag 0 com.apple.print.PaperInfo.ppd.PMPaperName com.apple.print.ticket.creator com.apple.print.pm.PostScript com.apple.print.ticket.itemArray com.apple.print.PaperInfo.ppd.PMPaperName A4 com.apple.print.ticket.client com.apple.print.pm.PostScript com.apple.print.ticket.modDate 2003-07-01T17:49:36Z com.apple.print.ticket.stateFlag 1 com.apple.print.ticket.APIVersion 00.20 com.apple.print.ticket.privateLock com.apple.print.ticket.type com.apple.print.PaperInfoTicket com.apple.print.ticket.APIVersion 00.20 com.apple.print.ticket.privateLock com.apple.print.ticket.type com.apple.print.PageFormatTicket 8BIMxHH/8Ag{HH(dh 8BIM,,8BIM&?8BIM 8BIM8BIM 8BIM 8BIM' 8BIM5-8BIM8BIM@@8BIM8BIMM' qmulogo_mono'nullboundsObjcRct1Top longLeftlongBtomlongRghtlong'slicesVlLsObjcslicesliceIDlonggroupIDlongoriginenum ESliceOrigin autoGeneratedTypeenum ESliceTypeImg boundsObjcRct1Top longLeftlongBtomlongRghtlong'urlTEXTnullTEXTMsgeTEXTaltTagTEXTcellTextIsHTMLboolcellTextTEXT horzAlignenumESliceHorzAligndefault vertAlignenumESliceVertAligndefault bgColorTypeenumESliceBGColorTypeNone topOutsetlong leftOutsetlong bottomOutsetlong rightOutsetlong8BIM( ?8BIM8BIM8BIM ^@JFIFHH Adobe_CMAdobed            ^" ?   3!1AQa"q2B#$Rb34rC%Scs5&DTdE£t6UeuF'Vfv7GWgw5!1AQaq"2B#R3$brCScs4%&5DTdEU6teuFVfv'7GWgw ?*iM,mUT` kZѵck4IJI$RI$YbۯɴSS^Mm oKV~T3@uVӉ]U,p.f3,.nʽ?oVzӗ,?%zUK~5;s l\2~goSGѺ32+vuknKAl67S쾭(95MUt6E,ˬmqcCueMeb{70qrv>.ƸZ[gG?U{,{+}ZwP/-Y]u{qɏLޥ/o?'Sz5t7-]un,}^5A~#,mTNEO沋k3\^/43'M7WEC^vz6ool~ӝ{:ZM^ mnK1F~oHN}k" s6}n."k~uu[W̊v=3Qg1r/3\\X 8imމfKVlx_xUT8*cSI$$I)I$JTI%)$IJI$SWa;dޛe;A޾rY>uާp}/⳾)5Ͽ+0総%󒞱5>nʱW?nc5=N]:5/ɢἚ-c*yqwz7mg2rVZ:q1f5d;3&=Vꮷn*_VfMY2XEtQ pۑ{u>~ϡz1:n8UqUmS8a%)$IJI$RI$TI%)$IJI$RI$jsmVm{{\5y7=SݙdԒK,pdOumE}d/\I%>cSc.wKw?N'sj?}#+{E7`3E40=mVZͫ$$I)I$JRI$I$zn{욲ç9"h{[߭?#ݗU]6z5 bj{]t]n^v%KWi~mY(pk7Qs65u9TCxc+Ik1FNWJƻΗfn{-ޥ}_!?.^ɫԱ%1#m3̋2nqㅑsﮧueji6McFN^.2+nGkme>6]+ m~.# ?u!ޮ[eRޭY? c2r*{]Z\~eE~U~SMY&߄} ::m6ƒxؗ2l+sfC_LZc%yZd1nDSgӥE 峨?Ow|7-[-}VqmdWr2ǵYY-Nщn^+skh7d7"efG8.qZzis0]Uvהovk({}ѵVMRћHn +wٻw_7?bU[+T}o$fݖ3loڽB/N~SpIkwN6Z~}T]WV}_ހn093\.nMA+[?GU6~̟:pq:WNsĝی@&cVC?(g꾝z-u[6ӏozmųoƳ=z}47clvFҬ,e 4^f1vuワ_K=K?Jjxee^)}yw3ĸ[ұC~OEUտVۍٳuW8oOv74{.}Cv-6}k/^Jj}i}ç {moԨ*}vXz&`|; 1Qϭ,RzNs?Vel^ü=Ͱ:6ڮmՖX˫ZdzzzeӜ)e Ie71UUg+IM.I'gLK2$km]ޏ>IkСVkovWJfn\Ck֨lgb7*CKYvU?I^&#ute?Ћ̹[Zߟv{)׭ɼ27v3o hYc"akqٓ=_K*-`tu\\,|n`oe63c몊ﹻ-/Z||{۪euΡ^8;c>޷[ 8tnUWF UFZimkW}~̳oINOX빸eQSՇ˯AeU}UfNK*ԣգ.nؓmض wW}vWk}CB#gkwvzsC5aª۫mnW~WO䞟`9wos[m5~]7d=1_NS_JTI%)$IJI$Rs[ nlĉϬmg!K;O/zꮩuXsqUm̱9WG_J{M͘<%LW!M?K ky<݇܏+?L6:MMfE{-&ENEm6z-^J{>inl"Op4=s_nƽwN߳ߧoOSjX`kKCw>6-~nuvG}YWcQIOynvα מ)mzSEٳʼm| :쟧}>WͮꞋۮnMv/J{I%)$IJI$S8BIM!SAdobe PhotoshopAdobe Photoshop CS8BIMjhttp://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/ 4294967295 807 472 1 300/1 300/1 2 Adobe Photoshop CS Macintosh 2007-01-15T10:07:11Z 2007-01-15T10:07:11Z 2007-01-15T10:07:11Z uuid:CF48D486A16311DB849EA20AF1DEBA6A uuid:683ebbeb-a163-11db-98c5-9001b10cacea uuid:8A59C0E8A16211DB849EA20AF1DEBA6A adobe:docid:photoshop:64ab3149-a612-11db-a858-8f5e44b57d03 image/jpeg AdobedC 'e     ! 1A"Qaq2#x9B$R3vy:4%5u&6w8)Ybcste'7GWXZ?1c1c1c1c1cwgݩH^-Պd2@aRZ=]L_qݳj@)}GɃdqn*k ="|i&9@S<&J* y_#d^3_L}LZI3NMpINaD}҅:r/nqwnS|6v%9$5b)=GĉJ_^=s8{uNSIv沛`glqA|wm1-!gDđ]p!kvWq8 :p{ ?b9P/H!v|li%p.SU @M8M>i|1,}9T=Ѫ޺ |H`dZy6ʊqn#r5*>U)~~5߱ˠ58 2/Gfs@RT?\zxC? ?W?9+ (Wcf0Wp}ˆ?>^o{[Js|b/n*D}~:& j@(FaI?G7KgX|5MYE"Fjpk*}kr<TG0N(ۺf^V^I2:m!4i_oH><>SWVZr}E (2@]3ݩ/Ao8}|Ƚ[`nճ~'='m̖R7u/&T>MD@%NvQmU2X$]o #+pP:{L ǟLHI+,rɨKJBHr_OT1Yv?!1c1c1c1c1п1c1c1c1c1Ɍ)c)D1(1D PIv hm z߀P' 0L&P2<9 ¹ i3G0yxE-m+UD >a_mh?,q=Yjis=Ѭ Eˮ4<!b%1%6nt 8ol3*M?Ǐy 4&z@i]Z!eJP( \O16^f"jzV69|61dʎz Z@NsG:&'K)iw[̨Z;ukk=˔}@PWbM%^@}Dk? Ȭhz㛯?.z?j{DhV47n>DL(}1o8 /Bp?^@5 =P?p1H=GP4LP9 Sq*g'H^fȚ D wpPatw,4FtkǸ(}G~4?~1c1c1c1cѿ1c1c1c1cF;|6 ^A=Ӕ=q& vF^20_{<4typ!7NV'>uo$s6'.Hje:7LM9|[ރn1%{N `դyOM%?Z%WהrʲՙQ6dy?W--yhv1(y+(ˆn֥z֦֔ a]nF^ӫtH<&BFcY=3q?~cbW4~ʭ\2^5Ps9K4EF""*뿷`2ά[*AV?0o*5nVhƱimjm@6ؖY$Vh9dcI$TM?f)_Wv |?߭$6dVĬAZfȑh>fomUJNڀ8ju Q7 Ϊ')+4 m#$XjEB"iYbd| =/A F|X:N\OQUap/ZB:@ 'Ijk0H<&%s G~|/U|f*ȠcD.Jf+ ޾|yxWt=^m/WhE-;2ZתET}Su<22g}ԏo_ h]6Pu;VdX]S*'uaB._/¬[pMCy1c1c1c1cҿ1c1c1c1cQ~&o~J9#j{ː J`~AN];(Z/"@)JɁD yTE(lM۷I4AȒ("4E$M$P)JP\cEXV ֋^cUiGnV7 vblG$ң 2 D3s*:P_>Cv5،(4=VW#Q'J8 9 ʽeFvEeڃ_f˽;Uj- v]pz aV40Z#1L.dWu IX KWXt,X/ R5W.%&Q\ڸ!N"NU׷|ap !UiwUO2NVNev)ύHNk"6Nrfw&_@G6? E&*3.Av k S޸-nS}6R}7);;WNd`1nku};n۵*]Ɵiu@We??LlhI|dRĖnF}7HȜJrwO/.`箩[Mjs>"5V֫}'~W ~gFOEl M# :cU,Uiet{NaMn ~"#Ko @}@@z >2P~4؋?2:Lڿ_a^و.'od[25 ֬"5~a},"d΃t(!23\tvל~ۃoAhrABݷ yXِbl1@>٢iQ&_ݟjzs~ [.6f;fC毊~Fs֫s^rhZm H~d 3 r.p'5zKT]--HX6TZ,9& 7R~2Y5ڿ9E*2sMa }VUʑ3^!¢ h* _S{|uy7i܀ǯ-Qzb 7pB#\ Jcn$Y"; ,U,&qxc1c1c1c1ӿ1c1c1c1cTou o ?&I!<&Ȏhp6pW xKC_"nLc:O:#k7}us jU95uK8?3$L$`'!h5;(\Q}BZZ^ƍhm.R[jՉz%j8Y(Že0#uG\o.f|p6h@E6ύ]#- wݍqh^!MudYg_c (C?n_uִ[ݰZpRN2PXE~at| Xjϓ]tf(wCO?f {)z{ΡiGVVMSd&YfWv IF#;qz:SSH+Oʙ0XWKe޼#i_V-|BI@̞aXJ9݌e\>Z?x-H~yWNxܞW$ZXn:v\8"lojC%੤@(|>\y֜l,]-iBhX÷liItHE" 8Pn/_꫃Dqu7.SPAV>TUWMh51,Ii OvҜgHW!7;S"g%͙CY\ha7s+4S\U}Su諌~<2\4l]^Kg 1( <BV}IiSjƎeB#P?(!h6lW?0:LZɦ@XXS@{؜Ir բ+~qаmGۮ 6gNGW%y l2-XoAAQP-e:oti{lj^Q4ذ.-W"3oF*Sډj&NfƱGhm.u; wׇ.K >+e&DPU tآ6we`f;BFKf,KReRZT̈́*3DO%߯m\l׏H͌`m^L=G [i9֐fiHH񒏎" RIڨMzƔRڢj d%bj-;XzF1-=p)D_3q# xLu \nS(ԭwQO 8C1c1c1c1c?Կ1c1c1c1cTg|n {Cs^mx(;Evc361-ط`:W/9GәVP5jаm$|D$HHj2\?zamE BzMZ/#n.5^'r& -nMlek'xJ$s$ш~Tz 77 xmB3tWSS'm2%YO̦¿GJڔy=0i*E"4;Ŝ{UXC+sֿj|^oihsMcsm`Չ8ꛄtK$TEL_,r˶`<:<ߐHZAϧ a,Vv9qˣNiy3p٭m[mwnixQK.J\Uf,> ʸ|ێ[_qwq%T8:GMb_1qn0A@m.Ez' o6 K.D)@=!^&M fo Re W9ѤLؠS3, [tH(܂!OP m05~뇇{gRUG8:;QNnvG+tbntI=_ $ue5~Y)j8VIK29@Jb_o 67 Y:O{ksnɢm1{4}Yzƶfѩ> !g~j]P~4؋?c73ty y +xc_+(ƶ!Ù誉Kו#0@>NOqGR,/z4=9,W)CQ7%Fo[o6ZLȺDž+αS^žxQ8J֪Sm0eAw EYTQl2&gꘉ_.@w'lyW6[쾳(rȮ8ǪRV0"M" i|>~[1c1c1c1c?տ1c1c1c1cT_i鏘fY3 tv4LoRji}<Ge_28Al Җ+UkNn+[*9&2 TVEd!U *.h,}K_5~oSYC^6vCB?! ʱ]Q .S7=`9KN>3}:ca\Z=`0sk5z5xJo"율O-)"\VT@δ/:[Wk ylil,U$)4O!`8Vm5oUlhȝOlUܚWd6,tHI PQVṂtU^KVܮIqfweo*fTڽ&a]_]k}iQ$TzM62"V~ ʹ|cc7(y1j=DDG1o~֎k'K͹"v9!Z6|stZžM:?j[*լPgQ|M4zF=m}^mD4 J=1A0U7 B{˫ S}t)l:gvU $y9y+DmkrcCTO5S:fLTm;}{%~.ײ!8мkJ>By;u_΋&P׃9 شҲiY#$ ̈́XgzVϓ*j.qkF=D6K(@LF!٧l+MP0v ֛B kşH߫cv`}M4>/rJ򿑝-no)w/Bqț/J.z!,M!镯Ξ،7gN?`) QWe K=[1ӒMS~rrmfŤŲfIlr( PA$M$M"e1죶!+=Wѱ 1TJ vTߪ$;=P_ĠRnc1c1c1c1ֿ1c1c1c1cTOrt ɳFV2ݶ ő 6̏9ncXWr[:&͸/FnVԡ.Ak+9lU GU#Z"Y"ėZ%vYqί=F\_i-0O#[ZczK 3,HJDjGJGpG s'\_xzFkZF#]֤ǭivq4JUڎd%[`Ec붩re{>Sf평>4w$NZVZ-RU+WF2V,-ɬ 70~&,n{z;mKWVzHtCQv1ώC 'N5 Q*%1C%@f;7oC#q4szX%5goB1[;Ypf-(8w:f`u uz)vI3kSܥxS  hGJ)o9IG&tw &PPSH^/iqI‚HUF=PJGUW%P3Ӱ^ZZWfwFZN&l=+K@.a\T/Uyӽbڨ-0o%13} f݆eU1 j:|,wnx72Θ Vb79L_r |3G~L )clD5q݁ ceR#fm$A5TpC/ys쯱}JmnPm}[K^;UVݯ{7=v[6Ƹv7 Ja(Rm|s2"c)>OfH6kHiZq;R3=)˜߀s~w)M6S+η/LXrrcGlxSb^P|ɸxMc(_^KvzEso:zWoǩ] d%&\Ij=J "? 19~Czg^"IaWokξZt.(uճi3n,=9S]ln̝20WQ@Tm3Дm#,M[.6bG+DjIL#nz~Qؓ>922PQ0؏?mc1c1c1c1׿1c1c1c1cT_ZM -q+aUHnj"uCHgq&ZұaVָu~E& GF0o$_%(FJ>!stG~\N,Oz/rP˭w{NӓWҕRnU/mxʢY+)usRP5:m& Z1!k;DCCDIQѱ"i$ Bɱc8_)=u?E /d*~?xzOM>Td7uQG |DGgZHYLB=8lSƙ)\Ϯq_gha);)֜B=@@|-쓯 ?7[r_MrblD@ o;9J&a22q,eϷ|z~Fx;Mrh) Ld( ?9c:{P{Kٵ- _'ͅt+%t˩MT~\k5&8h/e,;~GRQV-%R|A> i&K}m- hvƪU5[ S+G,'JIy(R MvqNxM=6]H5`6}"KQ̀eHiN1 Կt1)D>Zn㬻qESfܕp?+<FWR)z[_m9-IPtB0]fbHIr81c1c1c1cп1c1c1c1cAMvthdڙԍZ_LeP_Tޫ79%bސ?s'u܆߽Z7h9}1Ɲi. Pk:*(I1<">Og.7A .EPcRD|a&ǯn;hG0һzƑdX}L#"pd+r΅\sdG ~Eq'Ҽ'ݷOvFvgUytf?6Nn:h[6FΓjQ,s^F(CC#c|Q[]jZG]v@.17'HS _;cvN94'~]ι@?q ^!WE$$)Knj;1sL|UNZ7^ɝ"709;+gCgT1¤Xo#?3/sr{urf䇇9D LS̅s˾MnZ%}D?4^o?G!`ل1Ibh{Wv믖r`nӻM_z{HԒUCǸyCw82vb=#9" 2R4Kݼtƣ\ǪTOOToC"P|a<"h}^;m%ށL6D3#C(s- b1L)(`@@CÌc+Jj~9 aNOsu&Lea^TS)CQaN#ǾI-8զj) } TҲJ8P>cc1c1c1c1gѿ1c1c1c1ct#uS-$SIV;sP}jIwVD@rzr?!h*v,CrYh {ׇk1(d7h""B1rL }!eڶݳ/TwT`Q35 SfRs1i^?PHjc۩DcuHAmlɺ̞H9v}rm,{^`8DD{2: x#c1c1~3!̙r9 !"S)!=@s4cbϣ9l٩SM pB'{]Y) 4֝+1!md5"YЩުЌ+ZWB83(v_%"m&@c1c1c1c1ֿ1c1c1c1c1f`.[k)қ^&LV [) ,2Q)?Q31oc\]h^Ԝ+ܿftv;/d7<#=M"MiF8rzJUMUTS|py*7:=b"WfY(e\<KsNiGJfsng׭vykFF1/`r-t/{PӚ띙Ϗ9vt}67][i8$[^bCRAMd`8Pk~3`8y8~&םh8j6ST.&@y]2~4׍9 TAܔ sO:y37= spJjbVhV{WZirB^uGf8qPL+!K)i#Smw u)E7ϟNeѦ%瞚_ZkU-K$A/ެ`MuP:kIEۮ;y_|gYf5.:-"KURԔ(Yu8Qٻ!:jc2ҿ&if3)D֖mhK5޾h#; IIx k5oN.ͫ.ݟL* ]"c}`3M2H?[ԔݣM=_oGۑ ^Fle|JW(c};yZkmrc'6g/vm| O7HêTޘ=x1M''#1Gcp͐.vmUR1A}c M@ 1c1c1c1c1п1c1c1c1c1_ZϮSq6H\u޳2k\(S\#fTsI[O#^l'8dtpEtL9DJ`qc3~SW?xɔcjO.@U9S?e33{|"mI_i ywjм xz{D_706v3:)55~~ 3`wOfu.d[ @V Yߵg5{=4,_9RwA)ְܻQ\Ad #\߻|ydƘ^X:?a4JͲ.>v1dQq#W,.ype8ld~8-7~Y[`,6}I)8]6Qױ JQ-ZȐnʋ,z|h4*p56<Ίvyif1 d[D˨Yh\(aR5IIVT; S BgBMtU~/0aiǒpuv1nrHw)4J/)1zϊr?sI*읊5-]^Җ`i(,ѳv̑PP2r̞Rl>>j(ܷkeI7L.,urGoՆIS$xw2"vepd:ix c>ZS#JƎl |}lyuGc|,QjBMWd1r "1VRwa=ŝɾyo@4n(wz.",3ޢa5(廦* ZwgZ7V[_\v۰8-=r}a1 { p yRxλ1|zCkG-PVME@w0LUX5Y*$CDsy4}?M_M3KZnZ:7&A#3}*a91c1c1c1cѿ1c1c1c1c1LѸCچk VZ%ݩEĐ~-{d3M4I lFcw;jWD~׍Ui R4pDl[2Q(֚E1cv(fΛf^_un ۤj\fEdt\{Y؛W6mo <VM3(a|, E=vV~]ڄI\,sIJ@M&(e a"#b;r[+7JSE(U7 $5neMM7k#dHsm'NS1&̓_r;zc̜̳Uv;QeLea.4]鋯`v~_bNTL x!#bxB8c T]pB#y 9mfwxȽ['YPeD!g]}}zACWJ8lwƫWv4̖ k/I.;}X7;Meiբݷ7iVS pP{ jX֐JMkp#%$߭׺=gpM}EShưKr4fM4j`R""&nzpSA1ƻy>ԚRsfE^]#R\+\.HC鲊pEfu_gλv&=7vjҕ{C$=Y&)\֊A ]oWeIo>ߤeEOh8M݆j|x6v3cCдimmlŌ:RRJ Z_SNϾe7f5S,\{WNX՘VWr+G!eO52?. }sˋ\7Ӕq]rburT*QFj@@AȳSDH#1c1c1c1cҿ1c1c1c1c1Á&_q\ƒ%L}л%,t+rm Ef٫K1~܂*詪vTh]!QG[-T(nWY@/nunbWNTYp&_"L+tqEO5U_WNAQA@#IUo9oSS\kPuDS^rr #[S{# _A9* @F Q8tDGsN7?vC =!kTpI^;5lf&_y>x =_ۈuܢ)Judq1[3mcq~{c%L\/dj@G(wt? ?)ΣN6ӮpMD6vX8jW` A??2O[Ѯa#[ !,bA{EӃ=#9G%x_Mkk:Y:I" c:Po#̐?Top5AJ[y7 i4kzkD')hjrN H}@U17Qup ,1c?CD}f}ai"7kp{ R-;5Ԁ=qM5Y#M.?9981c1c1c1c3ӿ1c1c1c1c1wE[fR.:Kլt}FSUDKIاI|B-?i4Oo_iY Cqzzzxc1c1c1c1cԿ1c1c1c1c1R/C񶆌kh^4g-c*kܡ*{ak{c̱G#t#Lo_8fWnTEDJe].h #:\Y}:rSu_uɻDpgYŖt(C%&ϴ@ L>tJIªʁ95t<A#wGj"s=D@lQFVjlsQ#~ކhM;BIrz@|UJf࡫aM% K)D_Ȑ?o&-:Qg H| pLv? z]LL@/-W+yh+s;U'.O_\k歑/<~_sCMyCY &P+Ta o`v$:rM-E!fߴn e̎R;)J/C>:t x@0J0AS1&7; ޮYM/vԶiI{c}ZeQGn^Ϊ9a÷-ӉZ/圇ꖤ#]5 i92`E$O?y;dXg+ŒjR~Uɼq%0yˏ""01?6|Wz7 W73 eh(K:,.*W t\BHp0-4 g,c1c1c1c1cտ1c1c1c1c1g^mWEZa魝Ϯ2Aސ7ZCKy *vn)*IP) b?}믙ۿ;r:в+ wc;W_Mj*^Hn0 ߒ<G<^Qio-%_pJB\#jg_jډ CN95}d|<^jۋaI^}' ej Pr޵Eӭ容x]ܨʦºV\}G1R'ۏߺbWi0i}QjEO"XK=cID뻕yhGd}|"ވu4W=()JpT)A(pɔ8yBs-ק>ۤu0E0(h |CҊRO"9;((O-*&pk(D7><̺BDV\CH{8˺>BP7靋iLc:2TDu&"1ʒ֤/ .aׯ![Oѝy5j$^JArrw;SُyUHBJn:+0sbܤ 5N6,XN j ׳5Fgڗ˖Q 厺XrkE)I6)R)Q 'LPΗ1YwZ;3[CzS*qr!7+C6頔&)ɲn;88dcJ}s(ϱ̛ǁ<O|gl|{{-P5:qw_@Z].P)7^h op^`:?g Rwc*U>ObC(`4N `x.iN _ >?OK+sCS/be!@}?9W>;g$Ny^f͠TARP -Lۛ( c.7qc{3 aCcj(3fwof[$\]Bv$S**p)PG7w:KV#pI0! (I1"-9 ܍kQIL&ADf_9{uE1c1c1c1c1п1c1c1c1c1c=u{Kuk)ƀn²xJ乔Lw?2G*L-_h}b"biZsdqmlM*4-4bQ$&v ڍ$`9d 6pMMddSXc1c1cvF4\L8lxJ%9vgQ pQ¾D]PM^H7# qRgGD.+(C6tH-h\}g@+-}ˇUBCc1c1c1c1cѿ1c1c1c1c1cå%y9_v-ƊyjOSAY k}\2lאjN*@?ɇ$}h1c1cv66FfEDCүZƵ]􌔋jɃMSUǯTI2Rf?L:1@T,\;Rя$V5E%GL2<& k$c1c1c1c1c1ҿ1c1c1c1c1cDȩ"CD)NC%9S9Gf/F8=y*Mhou(Ff><;z1䚆V dDT_1c1c/RG=Φbƶ)eaaW;R,iԍ<$_ &=S1c1c1c1c1cӿ1c1c1c1c1cp 5mCwir6̏l5i!ܚERDESRLd+-.\<RN^pTUڋ`M0E޴8?Nr=?DR;A c1c1#+^Ɗ(ϘXUDJ yi謮Ha|A@ Q8hbb5j(&Ջ ZflHe*iP)@31c1c1c1c1cԿ1c1c1c1c1c3I!8ȊLuUeg!ޔ`OdɁ ]|w JW)@uw1>?|/]+~]Q},]Jfuݡ\f׌ؓP1Ȍ21cYG~i[L퀩Zm)x=NXj F *@Jzu02Q[7=0=uQ§Dה8ڵ6XB*^lH訸"-6A0|&1c1c1c1c1cտ1c1c1c1c1c1.-hf @fSR\xv:^T $Z7-W(&oD9⭵kX%ݝEX݊kZ@=N>p}@1c1O㙲[Q=_Gu u;DP}zedlem'_gZkMW}(0L+4]R1=z 6.9A <q1&9a1c1c1c1c1cֿ1c1c1c1c1c1[GVٯmnRZߡW.Tl[i@G;"P1Jg " f*)Z7xU휜tMtqQ3>Շ%:ٲiɱ,E-ӳ$Ԑ5?1gϱ猝I;::=?b7ɓUçԜ(L1s/ї:̥UUڱDjR7UaৱC!A0""Q01սp̢!6l8"ф$ϱM$(>1c1c1c1c1c1׿1c1c1c1c1c1gː<>9+ʴܹcMٱ嘰հձQܥ峦;L퐪)'Q+:R EFd砤˂JX1c1c1c1c1c1п1c1c1c1c1c1c9߫^Viܦ+qjR.?QifN&_19=鉈4 ->guqW!w%_DWuEEjbDҶr )&0SMjٚe{ֹ/'g;L֥vh0龅hA/(p,ƭʝ8㧶f'ЬԕtpO ef0Q zVU(zmL>^;@ Kfu'>G0}ܱϽF.CGݴܰ<^UA(zu$Zj HU>be xO'YSDܘ1c1c1c1c1c1gѿ1c1c1c1c1c1cb?,sԿb_ǽq"nh4!R +RzR6T[ʦ|{"#ϑ_ó}f%9 sև3wQ:wc4iQxE\+^(6&o d>=qwM֜jҺIQڂB0:^I+鷍,Ps{ݾYå&PDDs|c1c1c1c1c1c1gҿ1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1gӿ1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1gԿ1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1gտ1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1gֿ1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1g׿ṕ_v⣮(vzTSӯ2O B4=Zɛ!0997\L@lb@|9~='+8QMYNr/{^T]aUfN2jE@|1KvyWLGaqvk-LTHU'uЄzNVS-],D EĐpPQ;1c1c1ȎKh~&k7Btd<$v%l ˷nB  ON8K=~~n+{GU^{Sԟ f/"ig)uHr骑` LgiƕmOPsVyl!ksiɹW&لdsETnt :z@3м֌v_p y&7Z{:s,Yfh#?w1c1c1c1rn*V{azKL39BWkeޙ2(ZGFUe0>G"r300H!WNa\v0@_sN$0dH3`R9n䙵`"O#MdT3mITVXv׵0ҊV+VU4P7: Ja|`}]93|<򺎶X`*|niסO>~dLkD>ߺM"qȆJ1c1c1c1cзh=讬cf\f%XMc_Ѷ39Cd}st3Y#"1:EPZ=|q(CyȸWntmFR@[Mkm(wi pD]SF7|k3r!3WCf2ttmk)4lFa6lNNm4\A꒠Шƈ*GVY~܂0SI#rKv@S0N=3 X z`Bp14ssbWIBh{ovGq2PeQ]Hٲ&MȧCGɀo#Lr%[|ToMS6NffNjSV1QTT934XAŒHEt6hxXzsXx8IL5h|SlŒHn@= x1c1c1c:V==؉-SئԻ6H吗NGQl&I )V"dP)kc?MdΊɑT!U% Sg)r!><ft"7ܪP4݉t G0G0Xݱ$N):T\܂F8$LepL. oܷKTJNDշ29Vf6KQ;؊{eJP(@Х Vn7]3$ &EQY% $Q%PMD f/4Ί77V5"uaXbXXv n"cQnRWL24C8)}ft'jl)HH+CSP0cу3N% }Ew9,\ǕEVӶ儃w `նu<KLZZuQ]fUsMC+tabHO둜 )Cg)U*ȋ5\@禣by [ Zzg(7b֘Xb,hɲrMPXQ8(=C9[H]&TY„Eb#z]˨MajcZ=`/5=)TZFB?rc i$sJ#vN3{S۶[C]Pܻ3FKj8[7&EOh0p85x؇aJG;OϏ{gU]<1&θjЙ91Vj|q8J(9+ -9]nXf+QjrN]8L#sgœV % .&POx|Χ :֥xV&BFc1c*i,cp^k +D*)" ,QRf[Wn{S[l~2+3`LJ4|yo1yEd"*.EdNUY% MT &91 # `U5%_ Nk3TV3 cG8e'x'F=Ö DNj=S%H_-VM$&%t{\L?Q(o{+;7 <{9X&+)`dhQ3D C翔WG[}'V}$ͳkmR d ESQJey~$wCS-Nﺟ m~DD=2C6c:ow݄bDMߪVo Y #(o!?#CBDUP:g!9 ✇(LS@@CC?S*Y1VjS(IظArx=z}JAhr==b$/a^lt! : JS!jR8̶yXI%%5󗠰/*d><Q|7:bat)^ѣY#DNr!5@ZD<y@C9,LOl8g⢡%d,V#JK)">3>eԌƱ[h͛VUܺtݺ Ls)J" ǪF4 T•s4Be+}F搅x.{r?η=E7S[d}?cqV+/_m5(u'Q~RSeb& 2zF=#VZ*g C0}-_vi=-lsd]ER/E̷!4q2 ,ek+8z t5NlghKdLsgJIQ䌤$$pu;zUUT1&r0@G|xHEW' 얰[ +kL3_7;)\t4OxZcc)c( cJD:[r &0ӻW[BLJ?k/yGIHJ=\YF`QN߼rSIePRg;`VfEL[씓3@e-$wE E*DQLE R?s[ BOkuŠWov+fU+:Y&Q7EET01G;'1o[T @[E_qص 'AVo;Xy?F'9S)d1sHR&1 k?UdYޱYt~UYWN*(7M) VQu8sTY$QuM$Lʪ*i$ ':M2DD@lM|y^F:37<-Z4tQ >̳wY\O\X.,ԡ.[3O+} E&$[Ykge*]٠GHMZ1^rBN !Sʪ?M`) '9B1(εn;.U$YZ%,F6BBQtsL'9 " ~<-~MдfyȽv >Q7qz*(fvZ3YNjC2p cX onTNr!R?Dm<聊o䘦ρ31Ҧ=JnlbKScxݹ gߏ71a ܭ2$Em:#D}/h ߥ[y\(xT̫yD<\ǎ'mcRk˔te3"5F71JEe\S7\RrόwwmPU aTWZݾp%i,vWSմĆj6ʠQ9%F[Gx?<Y3{JXyEkEn*bmA­$`mO޾o(E.>? YgSqK2`\ٺ6rXRN^:bVcLB&߼iE >|w).g:˵U9MJRBYƌaul$ErBSh|i# & ۖ͢f'ܢYUP_JNm\Ls0܂Pck4nԼei\U; xqj^Sr3ȧ?""!R92ߜH&!p;嶬EhMqp:-ʰzD@rzdpLN*POvW~E-X?=6$}]Ӷ즚iBaRc%}X`ZO:e){6ǸU6 DP1RB_v)ȵvMThVCnar]Maij{|*zKs{Q֓ Ċ,GďQOI%?-j]+:mk D^=U4sF?pAtrdMdG3};W5k^GilMU֮b?i= /]l (tYbןo^7=ik8e5鵹Gҵ,2貙{wݪ!&NE"N&*_;X90h0&l;-&pS*y$m'd#S!=LЄ xIuK'`;f\dn]y͆krn@U7#loXUҊqceTzֻ>.َ+luoXmU'aQtsHz5OUBͻj 8#P;|~~3mr{*x"+tPBŚCCߡY:$E<26~NJ ͗MB+]rxk?\X-`,3WuBYe|Υ$. E2Q28ƞ8t->يk5Gv!}#ʾǍvԋZG#E)Lc ">*]r w{].6Ѕ#]Vϑ7Ԗgs7ʷq(L?*vs4z>f^s.Ho:;(>#%X%Rh6'UryL"x}+ٴi}SM2ky' K+Q.F4=UAH I22ap˰2VV6V"6ewsJ;jT_iD "Q3uf돼իU_^XmѰX73 >޼(#swu?x4v[ֽzHJj>٦o(AHTz9;"'g&7k_nvmY.Ek]Sbft%g, :UNvF]3V9~2m܊=!{G\ݑkrGȚBcP0wY61+k接gM5;*Ouǣe-(]ؾNl&5zFi;bXG)f͘qddC_!vSv^dxS6=wVl%\jiL M`wJVꦁn®ZKaKݔ0%`MGpV O`Yde@ !H]?喎﷕=oӲcsas q]{L>>4]1˰ lUwwJ%knkZXγ(fXܛʧOA zb]bsqm{^Iv5Io <١" =OP7bRG/ u=̰odm[ZeqM'2x~(؛tɇ m7MR!I##/z(8Tkl7@|ÂUqLNB5 sSQ׮i^2uu @,; f g{iIY"qeJQr:6_R|nB.ߏ5͙ʴ,> ǯۣw=7׼[+ql=aI6gXL?Qk֭@W:-\)6BY=鵺(rFe킼'alM| "\;wi;S:&#)@޹ %P89%:J%5$[dëT i|"Tmdˬ2:so0{Vl-EfA6]>~;/DRQHR.+VEPL}mUQ0>C5|uOW)lHz1WǗ3{JtYX~qP&W>%ۤ >8 # u{`;6 ĩcTErɜ/?|j6Koֹ \٬VޗweM ׭+J<"U'"r"Sӡx(%;M۪dw~ѹERbR6njiG]9M7 (s4>ZSlAGhKc򾑰t}f\-KjUluiΧx3 (S4an( P3=u'6͏j@DWA9תpOX1v0RYʞR;'Og/}Sƿ WnqaC }F5ib>W8 &0p!Ȉq\<A)Ψy!{vضG ޫsƺHtKifeL*U5=%Ü)=9Goj ﻲ#{Re ԅ /#Aݭ,$XOn~_Kѿݓ1bm>-"(|jmH7& fjh|g|;|Wj|cUޝZO/p(?]]s0R~5Eɷ)C@}<dw}7 ԍ9{֟YPuמE!xW8Xz.o<gMxy| ^s !]-`"ӈU;\#RoSYxY!Nx7u .L)MR tؠ?Es&q9FrM?C@ v曾<8 ׍(~ˉKI9*TQx<7"gVZ^im*.Nuk %5*#M^vz 7fgN 87b* mV]oºW#;qk4L~ѹmDj(zI'iGvo]7ON7f-Zb@|۪mWI \j"ՙeS UANιbs?:庲?+klK5YDl 3p#/TZ]" g _#3~vJ̗Y[fVyvZЁ|wZj0oV/9]5L69CԦj8Sbi¨5gKØ?%܈9| Id QQ@@3h}T%~R43{\4}4"ZY¢e7d_q@|y(g<J(% VL `/0Cӵ5mb3w)N'a?9~[() J &H?TpW:SmV2ؗ+u]aeZF<|ԌZ:PDCS!Z+|`n띰&|cI*/d2 =K@KCy1!r|8roJ!+ѺlG.[JT.[`iŞT,Ͽ׫Vȩ SWZ?M |H_'6;:ob4VwTrvKUavm"q&-dݙCŏ"Ϝi6m{qr6%R\qLQkS3^6!/cvPw &֚\/ERF&B'%`~> :TXuS D=sUP|D}Yj>$)o$'m;;Ʊ豹(ذE#異.c&rQp0>ue7#.;ᶭc:lsٙDo3l498IB Ac&cF!9m "O=@=@Ǧ\353s@*I0@;.㿑0@?T~">31շiٰ2=ڐ˱TϼݼMˠ?ڲ5`냷h/n/ٳԼڿ쑲ȑWqLq_RStf׵eh-" kUnudE2JUFUe9aՍb:KZj./cine*EW ,:y:F1Av:JIC< &'2@R:`bC1uӫ}?Ƨγڃ]rSM!+,:kS稗́G6 GHH%Y1Vnf)SiZs>R^\eʮ96WZ)4~R9c- vm K/ V7lP\,Jw̮Ry}qՇY|{uj9[Qj-[ňK+GVԊ+)-Ǵʲ\8ʢղя)4!ٴݹ/̊!4r<1-{| H038<;9g}tYksb*S/ЛL<տV밟~Vg[_|灜-(ۊuUVjLuD:rQJIXdHSƽoqCk8x7_c V7.U]<:BϤ Q*nH 6̢ɿn}'mW}6o?NrmO~!\7+ӦCy6G$ڜ\ =7څ G1 U.!ep ©$ giJNC:>V1#ٶ,tԷf ٸsu;HRYm6lDrE:2gH~Գ,\߁VV6eTBǑ;6PHC;n24 fEr۷+> ÜVXomwHv.i ^M1%P=2q5""7 .؟TLc^;SؘvxPDUЩ-Dɒ[R맦fD?EuaL';1'U=of ]ͷv1۪FlѳZ?S!@pgoUeK`z' զwǸxBW6(+_]6Λכ: mmuLln# e YGQ@MPMeVE7sM_sv}wfWhTgqP0!HtJL%whXϦ]n<ԝLd6U\ i;n8V.̹s6HH{TJ Z꣨5TP"kZ}nOlP*u;88V$ﶏdDL`QNx1 ]%{[fe|;Ej R`CR`fi!*r[>Q2c".6mMkmvmwTw_OL"M HR(:j Z\V5f/+#i*dIAIJk2xrMUcE'_{{7i'Tay ^ں$zF(ͮl* zߵlrTO<}'m vFOrM9Βɱ#Cp*vS+e9QX 4ƏdriXй h*؎nϬo{%!wF]SD$Ϫ~)s'Zrh|hG:6zNWd`5ֵZ"gRr] g$>wnuXa sKc<2XtR%tY. d"Nnؔz, U;lS F:c_卧fu5΂c+{}5MQpoG2>aSU3K>w8d6H+Ď+hOUǽ?R[) V 1.EҪ[): =^[uxY%(ڷ: ,,)6WhzD2 l-/Q"kp^fٗ}Tӡ c5./dIfS2@L&ߌy;[6>r oK؛ $U񕡵!8u #H"ݲ*?lHs|o?aPVV֜Xأ[RLqdlKUѐ-&H53DQ{'e/(82 藍Ԣ<í7z! eWBqeLMnrbʨv˂j.O'|:lEm)I}/o>'Po-ig`Q[-֤qΗ5j~@*e%@W`jU@ "& iܺ`fqYlF7}rI=<&8bͳR1 ҝ g'5!1Z"YX&>~_G1t2zS&JQ3 L!4WU~TbkP^t]-l:W"hͮ ;w3QlOؙ;/Or?7ND+ܱ1,(A䅛Xw&oe؋LsfaAuWf$JZ8sy5 [xSqgB*$;ڥaudN(ȵ"㙲ymx#܀ӼLnXG+՞VMG;zez.ļ˕ *ctׇ|MUd4 ƻveuܻv"ʞ261#>,;.xȊ*nC&eX9]CNЛ7e_!UYSꦉPTz5Vbe)٤ DEOb]^m\*ݷ6sflcIӕn R= )o9%"OVZ8ò65 NW+NnBFɶ$ eJ>¦Ot%{=w^&jo٨XI?4n ͧ,.$u68)W?t("͙"TȔW{ꇾn0ɗ^ZnWUU yu1:ŢM9Z9˘₉ CNjhg-62v>Xyc?hUV""+*2:EXVYIEUusr #ի!A$`Wi0v?>ǰޭA5D՛LΎvR.Sf&Ido*:IK`w/xɪw'ct8ڵ;25[c ζq#]R9t\5xuۢY1˭Ư/{\[fs~ƧĢ-+7*^⊃"*-B '2>}H#n?7uaMHmۍ.==u2k ^5w-Z ͺH6£$彏Uڭe^j;[r+h5v <|+- rAI?UfBTMMƛ.hsdscel>@mu v٭k5YmK*XVa묐HΕ]Usx-7ø8> ]V+׾2썏fqw"u[Oo4jZ 6M7I2꜀DRZwnMb-_gtNc[~rIԅJ*>QT"]?+7H2S;ԔA\h}ť`Q-M'X4^lzY.-Lʳ:)G..gݍra=[] Mo_zZw񮤤j:LõZN2G+dۢ?LYiswﳉ_U:ERZ뙭EϮVqΘG]Ajn!g&MPgQ|lz=SqFJl/eo#W.rMY $S Qpֿ3}sC+~8+޻W:u26:UEIpS&g-!SjV梨F~v6d5^Q'2rMCSLAg"Ea*sS7)'d_JdUi]vaڕ^3n"f[Vpڎ`8$Dx@&/1c1c1c1c1c}]aGV[{qzgV\"NƷ #bvЪĶ",Tدūd_b< mN$yz$bLv5vLSK\af"*"=#. v W\N|MD@QT2U蜾@CQ%S} KmJWd,ƶv}"'"O\R6| Ǡ@eY}Ad鱻<f~ֿm&';WxNl跟X8ds6Uc1c1c1c1c1c1c=ؤZ׮OzfzFF+zM{MW, _FP}rqbc`b ᘶe">69lرjfQ"d(z ׿1fkwVYi5/`mԛ;)݆!c)"\)NAT9)L./x'!iq I^s5rPJŘЗz'`Y NJv+X7J6{o1-#V0vٷLGΛ ''X#:\JӔ_m&D~b\FBSI.55r 0M2ev1c1c1c1c0?~P^VkZd؝W9}A-yS’giҙJ6 )|89Tf[WmkUVjeɲA7L%!rJ9sDEC  !w"˺:_hr1b_L_'f)1W@>G\kH/ E+3w+a65|l8xwi[n1z\{ꬫuUbvѥlR'nQΌ*1K쾱ߛ-ǯ&6Ɂ,۬賥3п1c~1c1c1c1c6mۋkƱƟھ&ܗ[賰Eұ*%zk.>=8uʹ-u&(5ʨs-!7j< n}7rGOnv7Ou"./0^;|]~1:v7H}؆sOD껃eFVx}]A5 g)6&~Cx1c1c1c1c1c1c15AQIRb&`EES2Q(gQ"!LP9kls9! W7v>ѳڕVvԶ^اQFaLIBM˷dc xƭ58i(ڣV@!^6989 d&fdVf?&d&YӵPѿ1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1gҿ1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1gӿ1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1gԿ1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1c1gտ1c1c1c1cc_|c~>1cǟc?<1c1c1c1c?ֿ1c1c1c1cI3x8ϙ:fYH9ADItzH!SJ!|vo8םS8)&8*;\Ϡ G@?@=.6{1VOa~s;{Cmꦶ{l歄־VYI5&$,ݱvNPxL.6cЭfֵseR5޳:YJ5-_KS~(٥:rKI嶒wZ};\ز}0o{$UJ=dID' &TpV[@S;q>>Lf2|EALk6;|r?]311D@ _"sҍޓ-ؼ#|ٙ.ר٫&_gL|~불Fdv-$'rbk)٫9I]av&uvzUƾz7R$n;wM&nQES9 ?NJt|' -nY;j*`PQ?e:PsG'r1|^}u_\4-^#udL[ gp1rR/zIE>!ڱ5:Qg=Փo>մ9X/أ8َ#:ڈ΍F?c,U1&"XHx[\k!5\:@ٛ+OIl]C/ j1i" u\*&wn8"PL zvɿ;۽\"ї6JQtMZ]oָi]ˑc"A7>zvՉH8hu,GH=N1 1w.ٴǰcԳ=Ig$zJ:P{Ⱦz\|{ mi{!tkK}F[zՃӜMg@`2 VZR39Mqn:}&E`YaS4T~'Q !'ps6fҖM==a_u ʑEřcMG N G07~5쯴9^Rv'֜Xmp _m[̢#h_?}Ϸճϟ>+)9I'ɘѳ˥%6ꞜmܳS*\ś%`n׋h"Ps'DV {q GDD|k_x ~k=ҳkv2vvv\֩ZD'$`ɴLH&IM"IPgLk_l6p-+ڋYlMnz2ֻAn՜B U@$?k`EŻgGiZk(^-P=U<5 @͕B>@_r9 b-_t68x:kJ28982&MU!midR}A%LCQcLOb^a6LnW: Tl$nX#(*!]Q$/))@ bw֙xfifj-pUP$PDLk%B~Z\ԧ MUqvJt*4%!&Z~NPMRTP0x1@Bۼ鏭N[Jzn$' vu6բʙ1 ڽ֑$G1nϻX](~9Kw'F<{W&6I-Fɫb##ew&:ake "$馪1Q:BTA5め'(y2TߘD[M/+ꩪ4T[okg_2E䎷>ŎMUNGw7vi5_[j]cTy D=ZKj^㕞ӐuCڏRxdݰ9}C re R{4:7|ߜ:^$NXjEĄ]7u/V7Z 雘KnhL HٝD(&2%~VzrӷzjjH9QY6 (ջ(Y^ ) Phst ݯ -6A-cܛ`šurKϿԳHIO+@DH` 8lH;mhVw)h,kr9UJe*̈́3Qn#;Ux|MuIސm9SOl?iuiutmŪ).A)\!*i.Ǫ>׺{D9BA-WZM! KbՄjɪ)**PPͱ\zndYr)P=ɪ&r|Eatԋu%W!bYSiUTbP CsDD9?막$Upu@1M! )xPʵ|#I4L3")4NKDM2= B/݌c1c1c1c3ѿ1c1c1c1cH5(Mk'RIM4j%ݹ9LDHPRkzy7yx-Ʈ*m_`yYPrƳpx1w¡~tGi(z|i1!| &'`h+5?(vNݼxm^5 $Rg){rr0z#ALS'ez]}>́=jqn#ƯKZf}EJNW7BޣmT.Z;?79JYRyw=&:-:RU3cdCSB>ݩs|IWfZOMF{>1wiMsNjp{oYs')l:sW8^zrN($@rgS#7 F2s;=p3!QP9^/3IKNزN{o("@ݫDQlݱ>1=ո1xkRϓ訚vܬϱ?ϱ!&/U25ʹ틘<m.v!.`L( u*rE]& ""e ycVXv*ȪUPhrsH%ʘ#Q7TN'z4HGp|S,u+ unmsHuan)MWU1?TT!LԦ_-m\0k.? K2BB=g1rXƮGt.0!PN:ԝqBG]F>@tZRh "DSe:}d6lx+~w*G4jVV&Ƶ[Y"V11V(3VKť˶u,uQ-TxfuYw HF.S~i:޹ ȍg/Q-q)k틫ǹJ^v[jkVI#&d'ٴUO3A?抲\d{j6fs_j;vgVr:o2'3w/PCˀ)r Qx8`[^E 㴅6kFg1Zj uUk4̙&VA$R-w1Gcu^@R^8yIilX:IMl: (i&myt:Ag>T]Nl(۷?m:M8[jյ c2` [ݮ.7dHbH c^|Ae;_QRգ8^ޚ Mw'lpPi>E9݊n= -`i4j36|d: DuiJnyq4)Ms1lw-vP5y nk[2d"5|\E7ڻH$Q2Qa9%tkG88}[g@֞qC>vճݱʩ\E59jn9>ձ;<_}K&vUYes:z*W@O$s7Bs3Vvs'oi:4؜QNqN?% GmdTH߻EJMfй|Nľ;S)^Vd"%^3 Es&gf}N~ir^qI'c?)zU}mѯH?0U{2JJ$WB97\G(rProfessor Marie Reid D7A88169kbrowne2Microsoft Office Word@@Bӡ_@@ ՜.+,D՜.+,@x  "Queen Margaret UniversitymP Revised Ethics procedures Title(V^j_PID_LINKBASE _PID_HLINKSAAtx@0<mailto:clecturer@qmu.ac.ukz9mailto:sstudent@qmu.ac.uk3http://etheses.qmu.ac.uk/qt0http://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/v~-restrictionpublicationsf* consentform 'remit $ flowchart! invasivenessresponsibilitiesy~ attendanceloroleRECveroleHoSdl submissionpbjusticego  beneficencek` nonmaleficence  autonomyoj principles introduction  F Microsoft Word 97-2003 Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEF-s666666666vvvvvvvvv66666>6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666hH6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666662 0@P`p2( 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p8XV~ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@_HmH nH sH tH @`@ NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH @@ D Heading 1$@& OJQJaJ^@^ < Heading 2$$5$7$8$9D@&H$a$5CJOJQJaJNN D Heading 5 <@&56CJ\]aJDA`D Default Paragraph FontRi@R  Table Normal4 l4a (k (No List 6U`6 p Hyperlink >*B*phDD F Balloon TextCJOJQJaJ4 @4 FFooter  !.)@!. F Page Number4@24 FHeader  !6B6 F Footnote Text@& Q@ FFootnote ReferenceH*>' a> FComment ReferenceCJ4r4 F Comment Text:jqr: FComment Subject<m<J^1 / 1.1 / 1.1.1 F<>< DTitle$a$5OJQJaJ:B: D Body Text OJQJaJjj u= Table Grid7:V0\P\ < Body Text 2$5$7$8$9DH$a$6CJOJQJaJnRn <Body Text Indent 2 $5$7$8$9DH$^a$CJOJQJaJXQX < Body Text 3$5$7$8$9DH$a$CJOJQJaJ`C` <Body Text Indent 0^`0CJOJQJaJtH @@ <mmrg!5$7$8$9DH$ OJQJaJFV !F <FollowedHyperlink >*B* ph&&  zTOC 1#..  zTOC 2 $^..  zTOC 3 %^..  zTOC 4 &^..  zTOC 5 '^..  zTOC 6 (^..  zTOC 7 )^..  zTOC 8 *^..  zTOC 9 +^b@b jo List Paragraph,d^CJOJPJQJaJtH PK![Content_Types].xmlN0EH-J@%ǎǢ|ș$زULTB l,3;rØJB+$G]7O٭Vc:E3v@P~Ds |w< `z N z :0INZd5mu0vpN|tmǹP8Z`quz~(  ]  n _  0&3F: MOZ5m8{̅5ȴ?͵$kk˽@D+`rstvwxy{|}9N(G\_z&X`{8iqp;fwA\l\\\\]}1`XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX:XX !!8   @:8 7(    3 *jJRectangle 2#"È?PK![Content_Types].xmlAN0EH%] tA% T0'dly'-XӸ\AL:}^HUcd`p* VCLj__'2?첋Y%{VA!< psșk[1ool>)&a8}/PK!#j _rels/.relsj0 }qN/k؊c[F2e~"Kl`0;1 (6{PF783.#c(Y ̵W͘tT0Dlm#]ڀzgͿ0n @]nStLBS%M=lݑm7rf9`5Y4Բ~G>~돰´Ǻʰ!w<drs/e2oDoc.xmlSQo0~G?X~IKkt:L ~83g;;]'Dw-ְ |:)9SNB]Wo_7.9 QFp*Wj=F!#׼WEdQ"]ѠݚbVoR@o _eU2~n۠"35'n1m:RT ky!ѣ'ۡj Ri[5*B)?XiL75s愥}!фb$CEYS߂uOY^HMS~Br]e#4.vRm$ !7uL٢I 􂨞.{ ˒Qs$\oCSR2y0hcvm&?xfEyQfgpQoVGrm/OIJs Uڌ6gQ$؂-4$#8´rd?9h|k~*GXL4ٙ_yD8IP5:;󨻞^\SZMY҈)~-PK!+8drs/downrev.xmlLAO0 HH\Жac;zi+Jҭדd?={j8c srZu"Ddcpܸ3ikB8䨡ϥ UCrbLx* VCLj__'2?첋Y%{VA!< psșk[1ool>)&a8}/PK!#j _rels/.relsj0 }qN/k؊c[F2e~"Kl`0;1 (6{PF783.#c(Y ̵W͘tT0Dlm#]ڀzgͿ0n @]nStLBS%M=lݑm7rf9`5Y4Բ~G>~돰´Ǻʰ!<drs/e2oDoc.xmlSێ0}G,ӤQժK+>8njݦ;f237ִٰ<*9VFmͿ~Y,D hge͏2Wr:@lz_.F_E4FKK֡H.n'tIY.zG'dneo[)⧶ 22]sܤX."N GPwPe@\G™µ2@Ռߪy\ Y`2|ƙC-Ljɮ<e=Lķ[u%o]Ih8.$'U?a]VТI; N%MPdz1w#QిqH}JVZinVh64mYOY%Faiʵ25>'Ad{k Ucnh5G0´rdtp<|J{K4ٙL2VT#gÎmd|cmkuxy1=>faOP%Y#"} D\%G@VPK-![Content_Types].xmlPK-!#j ,_rels/.relsPK-!f<,drs/e2oDoc.xmlPK-! audrs/downrev.xmlPK  3 *jJRectangle 4#"Æ?PK![Content_Types].xmlAN0EH%] tA% T0'dly'-XӸ\AL:}^HUcd`p* VCLj__'2?첋Y%{VA!< psșk[1ool>)&a8}/PK!#j _rels/.relsj0 }qN/k؊c[F2e~"Kl`0;1 (6{PF783.#c(Y ̵W͘tT0Dlm#]ڀzgͿ0n @]nStLBS%M=lݑm7rf9`5Y4Բ~G>~돰´Ǻʰ!<drs/e2oDoc.xmlSQo0~G?X~IKkt:L ~83g;;]'Dw-ְ |:)9SNB]Wo_7.9 QFp*Wj=F!#׼WEdQ"]ѠݚbVoR@o _eU2~n۠"35'n1m:RT ky!ѣ'ۡj Ri[5*B)?XiL75q愥}!фb$CEYS߂uOY^HMS~Br]e#4.vRm$ !7uL٢I 􂨞.{ ˒Qs$\oCSR2y0hcvm&?xfEyQfgpQoVGrm/OIJs Uڌ6gQ$؂-4$#8´rd?9h|k~*GXL4ٙ_yD8IP5:;󨻞^\SZMY҈)~-PK!H{ drs/downrev.xmlLOMK@ e/bwPL̦HkA!iS=xb9Nhm` 73 TLdDY G~6JD8hIϵUC,$Pk7Q}oYh-C=>п?ntzNqY͕=DS#O|dڇ]Tl./ !ˌ2PK-![Content_Types].xmlPK-!#j ,_rels/.relsPK-!<,drs/e2oDoc.xmlPK-!H{ tdrs/downrev.xmlPK}  3 *jJRectangle 5#"Ë?PK![Content_Types].xmlAN0EH%] tA% T0'dly'-XӸ\AL:}^HUcd`p* VCLj__'2?첋Y%{VA!< psșk[1ool>)&a8}/PK!#j _rels/.relsj0 }qN/k؊c[F2e~"Kl`0;1 (6{PF783.#c(Y ̵W͘tT0Dlm#]ڀzgͿ0n @]nStLBS%M=lݑm7rf9`5Y4Բ~G>~돰´Ǻʰ!+/<drs/e2oDoc.xmlSێ0}G,ӤQժK+>8njݦ;f237ִٰ<*9VFmͿ~Y,D hge͏2Wr:@lz_.F_E4FKK֡H.n'tIY.zG'dneo[)⧶ 22]sܤX."N GPwPe@\G™µ2@Ռߪy\ Y`23 ZDՒ͒<e=Lķ[u%o]Ih8.$'U?a]VТI; N%MPdz1w#QిqH}JVZinVh64mYOY%Faiʵ25>'Ad{k Ucnh5G0´rdtp<|J{K4ٙL2VT#gÎ* VCLj__'2?첋Y%{VA!< psșk[1ool>)&a8}/PK!#j _rels/.relsj0 }qN/k؊c[F2e~"Kl`0;1 (6{PF783.#c(Y ̵W͘tT0Dlm#]ڀzgͿ0n @]nStLBS%M=lݑm7rf9`5Y4Բ~G>~돰´Ǻʰ!'2.<drs/e2oDoc.xmlSQ0 ~G?Dygnܪuӎ!N,M׈$Nnzt7v];_>7k^aj>)'n[_֯9 QFpGE+5L Uk諢SVx(ZmѠ ݚbRlhmb$OCEYS߃UGYNHS~Br]e4.vRm$ !7xn:D&d^R$NvzATO=Neɨ9 .!O)<ݬ1fe:?xf면yyUfgpQoVGrmͯIJu U 6gI$Ђ 4GaaZ92:45wg潣ViLL2"$Gsyێ^RZMX҈)~-'PK!/1 drs/downrev.xmlLN0DHH\!j!!NZpDmlxN,'8hM\/6ΓaFDLH{OVFXVg%\B@ mJC!e[0`O&>C#M#^*;-vk;: Fpʾ?fVWZ_^L _~*fL<[F>* VCLj__'2?첋Y%{VA!< psșk[1ool>)&a8}/PK!#j _rels/.relsj0 }qN/k؊c[F2e~"Kl`0;1 (6{PF783.#c(Y ̵W͘tT0Dlm#]ڀzgͿ0n @]nStLBS%M=lݑm7rf9`5Y4Բ~G>~돰´Ǻʰ!;f<drs/e2oDoc.xmlSmo0&-[Q4`bXtzNW:"s-FĠtRr&p]Ϳ~ټ,D hgee׫/N7P }* zi LC\a tYY)G'dv Uo[)⧶ 22]sܦX-|đ ң'[v2J LV kjo* VCLj__'2?첋Y%{VA!< psșk[1ool>)&a8}/PK!#j _rels/.relsj0 }qN/k؊c[F2e~"Kl`0;1 (6{PF783.#c(Y ̵W͘tT0Dlm#]ڀzgͿ0n @]nStLBS%M=lݑm7rf9`5Y4Բ~G>~돰´Ǻʰ!;f<drs/e2oDoc.xmlSmo0&-[Q4`bXtzNW:"s-FĠtRr&p]Ϳ~ټ,D hgee׫/N7P }* zi LC\a tYY)G'dv Uo[)⧶ 22]sܦX-|đ ң'[v2J LV kjo* VCLj__'2?첋Y%{VA!< psșk[1ool>)&a8}/PK!#j _rels/.relsj0 }qN/k؊c[F2e~"Kl`0;1 (6{PF783.#c(Y ̵W͘tT0Dlm#]ڀzgͿ0n @]nStLBS%M=lݑm7rf9`5Y4Բ~G>~돰´Ǻʰ!;f<drs/e2oDoc.xmlSmo0&-[Q4`bXtzNW:"s-FĠtRr&p]Ϳ~ټ,D hgee׫/N7P }* zi LC\a tYY)G'dv Uo[)⧶ 22]sܦX-|đ ң'[v2J LV kjo g>HSH..yK0[!SMTHouPX"!Q*J(=q7Qm|0]aj/)yc he,#fGj\kV hh^h`hH. P^`PhH.. ^`hH... xp^`xhH....  ^`hH .....  X ^ `XhH ......  ^ `hH.......  8^`8hH........  `H^``hH.........8^8`5OJPJQJ^Jo(^`OJQJ^Jo(hHop^p`OJQJo(hH@ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoP^P`OJQJo(hHh^`B*OJQJo(phhHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHhpp^p`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHhPP^P`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh  ^ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohP^P`OJQJo(hHhhh^h`5o(hH.h 88^8`hH.h L^`LhH.h   ^ `hH.h   ^ `hH.h xLx^x`LhH.h HH^H`hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.  ^ `OJQJo(hH-^`OJQJ^Jo(hHopp^p`OJQJo(hH@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoPP^P`OJQJo(hH hh^h`hH. P^`PhH.. ^`hH... xp^`xhH....  ^`hH .....  X ^ `XhH ......  ^ `hH.......  8^`8hH........  `H^``hH.........h^`B*OJQJo(phhHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohpp^p`B*OJQJo(phhH-h@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hH8^8`5OJPJQJ^Jo(^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo ^ `OJQJo(hH ^ `OJQJo(hHx^x`OJQJ^Jo(hHoH^H`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`B*OJQJo(phhH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHopp^p`OJQJo(hH@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoPP^P`OJQJo(hH hh^h`o(hH. P^`PhH.. ^`hH... xp^`xhH....hh  ^ `hH.......  8^`8hH........  `H^``hH.........h ^`hH)h ^`hH.h pLp^p`LhH.h @ @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PLP^P`LhH.h hh^h`o(hH.h hh^h`o(hH.  ^ `o(..  ^ `o(... 88^8`o( .... 88^8`o( ..... `^``o( ...... `^``o(....... ^`o(........h^`B*OJQJo(phhHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hH0^`0o()h^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hH hh^h`OJQJo(::^:`o(::^:`o(.0^`0o(..0^`0o(... 88^8`o( .... 88^8`o( ..... `^``o( ...... `^``o(....... ^`o(........ hh^h`o(hH. 88^8`hH. L^`LhH.   ^ `hH.   ^ `hH. xLx^x`LhH. HH^H`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH.h^`B*OJQJo(phhHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hHh^`B*OJQJo(phhHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hHh ^`hH.h ^`hH.h pLp^p`LhH.h @ @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PLP^P`LhH.::^:`o(::^:`o(.0^`0o(..0^`0o(... 88^8`o( .... 88^8`o( ..... `^``o( ...... `^``o(....... ^`o(........h hh^h`o(hH.h 88^8`hH.h L^`LhH.h   ^ `hH.h   ^ `hH.h xLx^x`LhH.h HH^H`hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h^`OJQJo(hH-hpp^p`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHhPP^P`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh  ^ `OJQJo(hH hh^h`hH. P^`PhH.. ^`hH... xp^`xhH....  ^`hH .....  X ^ `XhH ......  ^ `hH.......  8^`8hH........  `H^``hH.........h^`.h [^[`hH.h + L^+ `LhH.h  ^ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h k^k`hH.h ;^;`hH.h  L^ `LhH.h^`OJQJo(hHhpp^p`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHhPP^P`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh  ^ `OJQJo(hH hh^h`o(hH. P^`PhH.. ^`hH... xp^`xhH....hh  ^ `hH.......  8^`8hH........  `H^``hH.........Gj\kHouP#f \<)yc7Hgt[!SMw$yK1%,}f7VW8=q7QM27/#"!Qg>I[SHm4S> 2Nz0]aFW7^h0*#he봅        ŬF                 VX        MtN        ŬF MtN      봅        ŬF                  ŬF                         ŬF        ŬF        P%        MtN :z%.6Lo.Pbx(ȸ                  b6$%$#}Z8 C w R%Y)Mj6CeDS I$2J)]QcV|WAV]^@hjo9p.VpH|gOXS$}BNf.@u:^ +^ @`@Unknown Marie Reid G*Ax Times New Roman5Symbol3. *Cx Arial;. *Cx HelveticaS Lucida GrandeCourier7.@Calibri?= *Cx Courier New;WingdingsA$BCambria Math"h*d*dOF m m!4PP 2qHP ?p2!xx Revised Ethics proceduresProfessor Marie Reidkbrowne